School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012 Jun;37(3):499-509. doi: 10.1139/h2012-006. Epub 2012 Apr 9.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of aerobic endurance training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), or a control (CON) condition on absolute and relative fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM) in the total body (TB) and regions of interest (ROIs) of sedentary overweight middle-aged males and females. Following prescreening, 102 subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and strength and aerobic exercise testing. Randomized subjects (male RET, n = 16; female RET, n = 19; male AET, n = 16; and female AET, n = 25) completed supervised and periodized exercise programs (AET, 30-50 min cycling at 70%-75% maximal heart rate; RET, 2-4 sets × 8-10 repetitions of 5-7 exercises at 70%-75% 1 repetition maximum) or a nonexercising control condition (male CON, n = 13 and female CON, n = 13). Changes in absolute and relative TB-FM and TB-FFM and ROI-FM and ROI-FFM were determined. At baseline, and although matched for age and body mass index, males had greater strength, aerobic fitness, body mass, absolute and relative TB-FFM and ROI-FFM, but reduced absolute and relative TB-FM and ROI-FM, compared with females (p < 0.05). After training, both female exercise groups showed equivalent or greater relative improvements in strength and aerobic fitness than did the male exercise groups (p < 0.05); however, the male exercise groups increased TB-FFM and reduced TB-FM more than did the female exercise groups (p < 0.05). Male AET altered absolute FM more than male RET altered absolute FFM, thus resulting in a greater enhancement of relative FFM. Despite equivalent or greater responses to RET or AET by female subjects, the corresponding respective increases in FFM or reductions in FM were lower than those in males, indicating that a biased dose-response relationship exists between sexes following 10 weeks of exercise training.
本研究旨在探讨 10 周有氧耐力训练（AET）、抗阻训练（RET）或对照（CON）对久坐超重中老年男性和女性全身（TB）和感兴趣区域（ROI）的绝对和相对脂肪量（FM）或去脂体重（FFM）的影响。经过预筛选，102 名受试者接受了人体测量学测量、双能 X 射线吸收法和力量及有氧运动测试。随机分组的受试者（男性 RET，n=16；女性 RET，n=19；男性 AET，n=16；和女性 AET，n=25）完成了监督和周期性的运动计划（AET，70%-75%最大心率的 30-50 分钟骑行；RET，70%-75%1 次重复最大强度的 5-7 个运动 2-4 组×8-10 次重复）或非运动对照条件（男性 CON，n=13；女性 CON，n=13）。测定了绝对和相对 TB-FM 和 TB-FFM 以及 ROI-FM 和 ROI-FFM 的变化。在基线时，尽管年龄和体重指数相匹配，但男性的力量、有氧适能、体重、绝对和相对 TB-FFM 和 ROI-FFM 均较大，但绝对和相对 TB-FM 和 ROI-FM 均较小，与女性相比（p<0.05）。经过训练后，两组女性运动组的力量和有氧适能的相对改善程度与男性运动组相当或更大（p<0.05）；然而，男性运动组比女性运动组增加了 TB-FFM，减少了 TB-FM（p<0.05）。与男性 RET 改变绝对 FFM 相比，男性 AET 改变绝对 FM 更多，从而导致相对 FFM 的增强更大。尽管女性受试者对 RET 或 AET 的反应相当或更大，但 FFM 的相应增加或 FM 的减少低于男性，表明在进行 10 周运动训练后，男女之间存在偏向剂量反应关系。
