School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 May 14;53(6):2856-65. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-9091.
Time spent in "sports/outdoor activity" has shown a negative association with incident myopia during childhood. We investigated the association of incident myopia with time spent outdoors and physical activity separately.
Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were assessed by noncycloplegic autorefraction at ages 7, 10, 11, 12, and 15 years, and classified as myopic (≤-1 diopters) or as emmetropic/hyperopic (≥-0.25 diopters) at each visit (N = 4,837-7,747). Physical activity at age 11 years was measured objectively using an accelerometer, worn for 1 week. Time spent outdoors was assessed via a parental questionnaire administered when children were aged 8-9 years. Variables associated with incident myopia were examined using Cox regression.
In analyses using all available data, both time spent outdoors and physical activity were associated with incident myopia, with time outdoors having the larger effect. The results were similar for analyses restricted to children classified as either nonmyopic or emmetropic/hyperopic at age 11 years. Thus, for children nonmyopic at age 11, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) for incident myopia was 0.66 (0.47-0.93) for a high versus low amount of time spent outdoors, and 0.87 (0.76-0.99) per unit standard deviation above average increase in moderate/vigorous physical activity.
Time spent outdoors was predictive of incident myopia independently of physical activity level. The greater association observed for time outdoors suggests that the previously reported link between "sports/outdoor activity" and incident myopia is due mainly to its capture of information relating to time outdoors rather than physical activity.
“运动/户外活动”时间与儿童期近视的发生呈负相关。我们分别研究了户外活动时间和体育活动与近视发生的相关性。
参与者来自阿冯纵向研究父母和孩子（ALSPAC），在 7、10、11、12 和 15 岁时通过非睫状肌麻痹自动折射进行评估，并在每次就诊时被分类为近视（≤-1 屈光度）或正视/远视（≥-0.25 屈光度）（N=4837-7747）。11 岁时的体育活动通过佩戴 1 周的加速度计进行客观测量。户外活动时间通过孩子 8-9 岁时家长问卷进行评估。使用 Cox 回归分析与近视发生相关的变量。
在使用所有可用数据的分析中，户外活动时间和体育活动都与近视的发生有关，户外活动时间的影响更大。将分析限制在 11 岁时被分类为非近视或正视/远视的儿童中，结果相似。因此，对于 11 岁时非近视的儿童，户外活动时间高与低相比，近视发生的风险比（95%置信区间，CI）为 0.66（0.47-0.93），中等/剧烈体育活动的适度增加单位标准差以上，近视发生的风险比为 0.87（0.76-0.99）。
户外活动时间与近视的发生独立于体育活动水平有关。户外活动时间的相关性更大，表明之前报道的“运动/户外活动”与近视发生之间的联系主要是由于其捕捉了与户外活动时间有关的信息，而不是体育活动。
