Bellan Steve E, Cizauskas Carrie A, Miyen Jacobeth, Ebersohn Karen, Küsters Martina, Prager K C, Van Vuuren Moritz, Sabeta Claude, Getz Wayne M
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2012 Apr;48(2):371-81. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-48.2.371.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RABV) occur worldwide in wild carnivore and domestic dog populations and pose threats to wildlife conservation and public health. In Etosha National Park (ENP), Namibia, anthrax is endemic and generates carcasses frequently fed on by an unusually dense population of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas). Using serology, phylogenetic analyses (on samples obtained from February 2009-July 2010), and historical mortality records (1975-2011), we assessed jackal exposure to Bacillus anthracis (BA; the causal bacterial agent of anthrax), CDV, and RABV. Prevalence of antibodies against BA (95%, n = 86) and CDV (71%, n = 80) was relatively high, while that of antibodies against RABV was low (9%, n = 81). Exposure to BA increased significantly with age, and all animals >6 mo old were antibody-positive. As with BA, prevalence of antibodies against CDV increased significantly with age, with similar age-specific trends during both years of the study. No significant effect of age was found on the prevalence of antibodies against RABV. Three of the seven animals with antibodies against RABV were monitored for more than 1 yr after sampling and showed no signs of active infection. Mortality records revealed that rabid animals are destroyed nearly every year inside the ENP tourist camps. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that jackal RABV in ENP is part of the same transmission cycle as other dog-jackal RABV cycles in Namibia.
犬瘟热病毒（CDV）和狂犬病病毒（RABV）在全球范围内的野生食肉动物和家犬种群中都有出现，对野生动物保护和公共卫生构成威胁。在纳米比亚的埃托沙国家公园（ENP），炭疽是地方病，经常产生尸体，被异常密集的黑背胡狼（Canis mesomelas）种群食用。我们通过血清学、系统发育分析（对2009年2月至2010年7月获得的样本）以及历史死亡率记录（1975 - 2011年），评估了胡狼对炭疽芽孢杆菌（BA；炭疽的致病细菌病原体）、CDV和RABV的接触情况。抗BA抗体的流行率相对较高（95%，n = 86），抗CDV抗体的流行率也较高（71%，n = 80），而抗RABV抗体的流行率较低（9%，n = 81）。接触BA的情况随年龄显著增加，所有6个月以上的动物抗体呈阳性。与BA一样，抗CDV抗体的流行率随年龄显著增加，在研究的两年中年龄特异性趋势相似。未发现年龄对抗RABV抗体流行率有显著影响。对七只抗RABV抗体的动物中的三只在采样后进行了超过1年的监测，未显示出活跃感染的迹象。死亡率记录显示，在ENP旅游营地内几乎每年都有狂犬病动物被扑杀。系统发育分析表明，ENP中的胡狼RABV与纳米比亚其他犬 - 胡狼RABV传播循环属于同一传播循环。
