Umhang Gérald, Raton Vincent, Comte Sébastien, Hormaz Vanessa, Boucher Jean-Marc, Combes Benoît, Boué Franck
French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Nancy Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, 54220 Malzéville, France.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 Sep 10;188(3-4):301-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.024. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
The life cycle of the zoonotic parasite Echinococcus multilocularis is predominantly sylvatic, involving foxes as definitive hosts infected by predation of rodents, the intermediate hosts. The North-Eastern French departments of Meuse and Haute-Saône are highly endemic, with an estimated fox prevalence of 41% and 36% respectively. Although most of the parasites' biomass occurs in foxes, domestic dogs can also be infected, leading to a major risk of human infection due to the close proximity of dogs and owners. In the present study, dog faeces were collected after praziquantel treatment provided by veterinarians. In all, 860 faecal samples were collected throughout Meuse (n=493) and Haute-Saône (n=367). Intestinal helminth eggs were isolated from the faeces using a flotation technique and observed by microscopy. Parasite species were identified in samples positive for taeniid eggs by sequence analysis after PCR amplification. To study the factors associated with infestation, each sample was linked to a questionnaire filled in by the dog owners. Taeniid eggs were observed in seven faecal samples (0.8%) but none of them were positive for E. multilocularis. Thus, the apparent prevalence of E. multilocularis in dog populations is lower than 1.00% for Haute-Saône and lower than 0.75% for Meuse. In Haute-Saône, a high proportion of dogs observed suspected preying on rodents were not dewormed monthly. In endemic areas, these dogs must be considered at risk of transmitting E. multilocularis to humans.
人兽共患寄生虫多房棘球绦虫的生命周期主要存在于野生环境中，以狐狸作为终末宿主，狐狸通过捕食中间宿主啮齿动物而受到感染。法国东北部的默兹省和上索恩省是高流行区，估计狐狸的感染率分别为41%和36%。虽然大多数寄生虫生物量存在于狐狸体内，但家犬也可能被感染，由于犬与主人的密切接触，这会导致人类感染的重大风险。在本研究中，收集了兽医提供吡喹酮治疗后的犬粪便。总共在默兹省（n = 493）和上索恩省（n = 367）收集了860份粪便样本。使用浮选技术从粪便中分离出肠道蠕虫卵，并通过显微镜观察。通过PCR扩增后进行序列分析，在对带绦虫卵呈阳性的样本中鉴定寄生虫种类。为了研究与感染相关的因素，将每个样本与犬主人填写的问卷相关联。在7份粪便样本（0.8%）中观察到带绦虫卵，但均未检测到多房棘球绦虫阳性。因此，上索恩省犬群中多房棘球绦虫的表观感染率低于1.00%，默兹省低于0.75%。在上索恩省，观察到有捕食啮齿动物嫌疑的犬中，很大一部分没有每月进行驱虫。在流行地区，必须认为这些犬有将多房棘球绦虫传播给人类的风险。
