Oksanen Antti, Siles-Lucas Mar, Karamon Jacek, Possenti Alessia, Conraths Franz J, Romig Thomas, Wysocki Patrick, Mannocci Alice, Mipatrini Daniele, La Torre Giuseppe, Boufana Belgees, Casulli Adriano
Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira (FINPAR), Elektroniikkatie 3, FI-90590, Oulu, Finland.
Department of Parasitic Zoonoses, IRNASA, CSIC, Cordel de Merinas, 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
Parasit Vectors. 2016 Sep 28;9(1):519. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1746-4.
This study aimed to provide a systematic review on the geographical distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in definitive and intermediate hosts in the European Union (EU) and adjacent countries (AC). The relative importance of the different host species in the life-cycle of this parasite was highlighted and gaps in our knowledge regarding these hosts were identified.
Six databases were searched for primary research studies published from 1900 to 2015. From a total of 2,805 identified scientific papers, 244 publications were used for meta-analyses.
Studies in 21 countries reported the presence of E. multilocularis in red foxes, with the following pooled prevalence (PP): low (≤ 1 %; Denmark, Slovenia and Sweden); medium (> 1 % to < 10 %; Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania and the Ukraine); and high (> 10 %; Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Liechtenstein and Switzerland). Studies from Finland, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Norway reported the absence of E. multilocularis in red foxes. However, E. multilocularis was detected in Arctic foxes from the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard in Norway.
Raccoon dogs (PP 2.2 %), golden jackals (PP 4.7 %) and wolves (PP 1.4 %) showed a higher E. multilocularis PP than dogs (PP 0.3 %) and cats (PP 0.5 %). High E. multilocularis PP in raccoon dogs and golden jackals correlated with high PP in foxes. For intermediate hosts (IHs), muskrats (PP 4.2 %) and arvicolids (PP 6.0 %) showed similar E. multilocularis PP as sylvatic definitive hosts (DHs), excluding foxes. Nutrias (PP 1.0 %) and murids (PP 1.1 %) could play a role in the life-cycle of E. multilocularis in areas with medium to high PP in red foxes. In areas with low PP in foxes, no other DH was found infected with E. multilocularis. When fox E. multilocularis PP was >3 %, raccoon dogs and golden jackals could play a similar role as foxes. In areas with high E. multilocularis fox PP, the wolf emerged as a potentially important DH. Dogs and cats could be irrelevant in the life-cycle of the parasite in Europe, although dogs could be important for parasite introduction into non-endemic areas. Muskrats and arvicolids are important IHs. Swine, insectivores, murids and nutrias seem to play a minor or no role in the life-cycle of the parasite within the EU and ACs.
本研究旨在对多房棘球绦虫在欧盟（EU）及周边国家（AC）终末宿主和中间宿主中的地理分布进行系统综述。强调了不同宿主物种在该寄生虫生命周期中的相对重要性，并确定了我们在这些宿主方面的知识空白。
检索了六个数据库，以查找1900年至2015年发表的原发性研究。从总共2805篇已识别的科学论文中，244篇出版物用于荟萃分析。
21个国家的研究报告了赤狐体内存在多房棘球绦虫，其合并患病率（PP）如下：低（≤1%；丹麦、斯洛文尼亚和瑞典）；中（>1%至<10%；奥地利、比利时、克罗地亚、匈牙利、意大利、荷兰、罗马尼亚和乌克兰）；高（>10%；捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、法国、德国、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、斯洛伐克、列支敦士登和瑞士）。来自芬兰、爱尔兰、英国和挪威的研究报告称赤狐体内不存在多房棘球绦虫。然而，在挪威斯瓦尔巴德北极群岛的北极狐中检测到了多房棘球绦虫。
貉（PP 2.2%）、金豺（PP 4.7%）和狼（PP 1.4%）的多房棘球绦虫PP高于狗（PP 0.3%）和猫（PP 0.5%）。貉和金豺的多房棘球绦虫高PP与狐狸的高PP相关。对于中间宿主（IHs），麝鼠（PP 4.2%）和田鼠类（PP 6.0%）的多房棘球绦虫PP与野生终末宿主（DHs）（不包括狐狸）相似。海狸鼠（PP 1.0%）和鼠科动物（PP 1.1%）在赤狐PP为中到高的地区可能在多房棘球绦虫的生命周期中发挥作用。在狐狸PP低的地区，未发现其他DH感染多房棘球绦虫。当狐狸的多房棘球绦虫PP>3%时，貉和金豺可能发挥与狐狸类似的作用。在多房棘球绦虫狐狸PP高的地区，狼成为潜在的重要DH。狗和猫在欧洲该寄生虫的生命周期中可能无关紧要，尽管狗对于将寄生虫引入非流行地区可能很重要。麝鼠和田鼠类是重要的IHs。猪、食虫动物、鼠科动物和海狸鼠在欧盟和ACs内该寄生虫的生命周期中似乎发挥次要或无作用。
