Behavioural & Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Apr 13;13(5):336-49. doi: 10.1038/nrn3214.
The brain is expensive, incurring high material and metabolic costs for its size--relative to the size of the body--and many aspects of brain network organization can be mostly explained by a parsimonious drive to minimize these costs. However, brain networks or connectomes also have high topological efficiency, robustness, modularity and a 'rich club' of connector hubs. Many of these and other advantageous topological properties will probably entail a wiring-cost premium. We propose that brain organization is shaped by an economic trade-off between minimizing costs and allowing the emergence of adaptively valuable topological patterns of anatomical or functional connectivity between multiple neuronal populations. This process of negotiating, and re-negotiating, trade-offs between wiring cost and topological value continues over long (decades) and short (millisecond) timescales as brain networks evolve, grow and adapt to changing cognitive demands. An economical analysis of neuropsychiatric disorders highlights the vulnerability of the more costly elements of brain networks to pathological attack or abnormal development.
大脑的成本很高，其物质和代谢成本与其大小（相对于身体大小）不成比例，大脑网络组织的许多方面可以通过节省成本的简约驱动来解释。然而，大脑网络或连接组也具有较高的拓扑效率、鲁棒性、模块性和连接枢纽的“丰富俱乐部”。这些和其他有利的拓扑性质可能需要更高的布线成本。我们提出，大脑组织是通过最小化成本和允许在多个神经元群体之间出现适应性有价值的解剖或功能连接的拓扑模式之间的经济权衡来塑造的。随着大脑网络的进化、生长和适应不断变化的认知需求，这种在布线成本和拓扑价值之间进行协商和重新协商的过程会在较长（几十年）和较短（毫秒）时间尺度上持续进行。对神经精神障碍的经济分析突出了大脑网络中更昂贵的元素对病理性攻击或异常发育的脆弱性。
