种族和地区对黑人和白人女性的饮食摄入有独立和协同的影响。
Race and region have independent and synergistic effects on dietary intakes in black and white women.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
出版信息
Nutr J. 2012 Apr 13;11:25. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-25.
BACKGROUND
Few studies have examined the effects of race and region on dietary intakes and the evidence on racial and regional disparities among women is limited. We aimed to examine whether race and region were associated with nutrient intakes among black and white women living in the Stroke Belt, Stroke Buckle, and Other regions in the United States. We hypothesized that significant differences would be observed among population sub-groups and that the effects of race on dietary intakes would vary across regions.
METHODS
This study included dietary data from 12,105 women from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (United States). Dietary data were collected using the Block 98 food frequency questionnaire.
RESULTS
Blacks consumed 1.05% lower energy from saturated fat (95% CI: -0.95, -1.16), and intakes were also lower in the Buckle (β = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.32) and Belt (β = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.46) compared to the Other regions. Within each region, sodium, potassium, and magnesium intakes were all lower among black women compared to white women (P <0.05 for all); intakes were significantly lower among blacks living in the Belt and Buckle compared to those in the Other regions. Significant interactions between race and region were detected for trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol (P <0.05 for all), where black women in the Other regions consumed the lowest dietary cholesterol and calcium while black women in the Belt consumed the lowest trans fat.
CONCLUSIONS
Race and region were significantly associated with nutrient intakes in a large study of black and non-Hispanic white women in the United States. Intakes of trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol among black and white women differed across regions. Race and region thus interact to impact dietary intakes, and their effects may be mediated by such factors as the broader food environment and food availability as well as food customs and culture. Race, region, and their correlates should therefore be considered together when examining diet and disease associations and planning dietary advice for population sub-groups.
背景
很少有研究考察种族和地区对饮食摄入的影响，而且关于女性的种族和地区差异的证据也有限。我们旨在研究在美国的中风带、中风带和其他地区生活的黑人和白人女性中，种族和地区是否与营养素的摄入有关。我们假设人群亚组之间会存在显著差异，而且种族对饮食摄入的影响会因地区而异。
方法
本研究纳入了来自美国 Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke 研究（美国）的 12105 名女性的饮食数据。饮食数据是通过 Block 98 食物频率问卷收集的。
结果
黑人的饱和脂肪所提供的能量减少了 1.05%（95%CI：-0.95，-1.16），而且在 Buckle（β = -0.20；95%CI：-0.08，-0.32）和 Belt（β = -0.35；95%CI：-0.24，-0.46）地区的摄入量也较低。在每个地区，与白人女性相比，黑人女性的钠、钾和镁的摄入量都较低（所有 P <0.05）；与其他地区的黑人相比，生活在带和带的黑人的摄入量明显较低。种族和地区之间存在显著的相互作用，可检测到反式脂肪、钙和胆固醇（所有 P <0.05），其中其他地区的黑人女性摄入的膳食胆固醇和钙最低，而带的黑人女性摄入的反式脂肪最低。
结论
在一项对美国黑人和非西班牙裔白人女性的大型研究中，种族和地区与营养素的摄入量显著相关。黑人和白人女性的反式脂肪、钙和胆固醇摄入量因地区而异。因此，种族和地区相互作用影响饮食摄入，其影响可能受到更广泛的食物环境和食物供应以及食物习俗和文化等因素的影响。在研究饮食与疾病的关联并为人群亚组制定饮食建议时，应同时考虑种族、地区及其相关因素。
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