Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, Public Health - Seattle & King County, and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2012 May;42(5 Suppl 1):S17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.01.031.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation commissioned a systematic review of public health workforce literature in fall 2010. This paper reviews public health workforce articles published from 1985 to 2010 that support development of a public health workforce research agenda, and address four public health workforce research themes: (1) diversity; (2) recruitment, retention, separation, and retirement; (3) education, training, and credentialing; and (4) pay, promotion, performance, and job satisfaction.
PubMed, ERIC, and Web of Science databases were used to search for articles; Google search engine was used to identify gray literature. The study used the following inclusion criteria: (1) articles written in English published in the U.S.; (2) the main theme(s) of the article relate to at least one of the four public health workforce research themes; and (3) the document focuses on the domestic public health workforce.
The literature suggests that the U.S. public health workforce is facing several urgent priorities that should be addressed, including: (1) developing an ethnically/racially diverse membership to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse nation; (2) recruiting and retaining highly trained, well-prepared employees, and succession planning to replace retirees; (3) building public health workforce infrastructure while also confronting a major shortage in the public health workforce, through increased education, training, and credentialing; and (4) ensuring competitive salaries, opportunities for career advancement, standards for workplace performance, and fostering organizational cultures which generate high levels of job satisfaction for effective delivery of services.
Additional research is needed in all four thematic areas reviewed to develop well-informed, evidence-based strategies for effectively addressing critical issues facing the public health workforce.
2010 年秋季，罗伯特伍德约翰逊基金会委托对公共卫生劳动力文献进行系统审查。本文回顾了 1985 年至 2010 年发表的支持制定公共卫生劳动力研究议程的公共卫生劳动力文章，并探讨了四个公共卫生劳动力研究主题：（1）多样性；（2）招聘、保留、离职和退休；（3）教育、培训和认证；以及（4）薪酬、晋升、绩效和工作满意度。
使用 PubMed、ERIC 和 Web of Science 数据库搜索文章；使用 Google 搜索引擎查找灰色文献。该研究采用了以下纳入标准：（1）以英文撰写、在美国发表的文章；（2）文章的主要主题至少与四个公共卫生劳动力研究主题之一相关；（3）文件重点关注国内公共卫生劳动力。
文献表明，美国公共卫生劳动力面临着几项紧迫的优先事项，包括：（1）培养一支种族多样化的成员队伍，以满足日益多样化的国家的需求；（2）招聘和留住高度训练有素、准备充分的员工，并进行继任规划以取代退休人员；（3）在公共卫生劳动力严重短缺的情况下，建立公共卫生劳动力基础设施，同时通过增加教育、培训和认证来增加公共卫生劳动力；（4）确保有竞争力的薪酬、职业发展机会、工作场所绩效标准，并培养产生高工作满意度的组织文化，以有效提供服务。
需要在所有四个主题领域进行更多研究，以制定明智、基于证据的策略，有效应对公共卫生劳动力面临的关键问题。
