Jaakkola J J, Vilkka V, Marttila O, Jäppinen P, Haahtela T
South Karelia Allergy and Environment Institute, Espoo, Finland.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Dec;142(6 Pt 1):1344-50. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.6_Pt_1.1344.
The paper mills in South Karelia, the southeast part of Finland, are responsible for releasing a substantial amount of malodorous sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and methyl sulfides [(CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2], into ambient air. In the most polluted residential area the annual mean concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are estimated to be 8 and 2 to 5 micrograms/m3 and the highest daily average concentration 100 and 50 micrograms/m3. The annual mean and highest daily concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are very low. We studied the effects of malodorous sulfur compounds on eye, nasal and respiratory symptoms, and headache in adults. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire was distributed in February 1987 and responded to by 488 adults living in a severely (n = 198), a moderately (n = 204), and a nonpolluted community (n = 86). This included questions about occurrence of the symptoms of interest during the previous 4 wk and 12 months and individual, behavioral, and other environmental determinants of the symptoms. The response rate was 83%. The odds ratios (OR) for symptoms experienced often or constantly in severely versus nonpolluted and moderately versus nonpolluted communities were estimated in logistic regression analysis controlling potential confounders. The odds ratios for eye (moderate exposure OR 11.70, Cl95% 2.33 to 58.65; severe exposure OR 11.78, Cl95% 2.35 to 59.09) and nasal symptoms (OR 2.01, Cl95% 0.97 to 4.15; OR 2.19, Cl95% 1.06 to 4.55) and cough (OR 1.89, Cl95% 0.61 to 5.86; OR 3.06, Cl95% 1.02 to 9.29) during the previous 12 months were increased, with a dose-response pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
位于芬兰东南部南卡累利阿的造纸厂向周围空气中排放大量有恶臭的硫化合物，如硫化氢（H₂S）、甲硫醇（CH₃SH）以及甲硫醚[（CH₃）₂S和（CH₃）₂S₂]。在污染最严重的居民区，硫化氢和甲硫醇的年平均浓度估计分别为8微克/立方米以及2至5微克/立方米，最高日平均浓度分别为100微克/立方米和50微克/立方米。二氧化硫（SO₂）的年平均浓度和最高日浓度非常低。我们研究了有恶臭的硫化合物对成年人眼睛、鼻子和呼吸道症状以及头痛的影响。1987年2月发放了一份横断面自填式问卷，居住在严重污染社区（n = 198）、中度污染社区（n = 204）和无污染社区（n = 86）的488名成年人进行了回复。问卷内容包括关于前4周和12个月内相关症状的出现情况以及这些症状的个体、行为和其他环境决定因素。回复率为83%。在控制潜在混杂因素的逻辑回归分析中，估计了严重污染社区与无污染社区以及中度污染社区与无污染社区中经常或持续出现症状的比值比（OR）。前12个月内眼睛症状（中度暴露OR 11.70，95%置信区间2.33至58.65；重度暴露OR 11.78，95%置信区间2.35至59.09）、鼻子症状（OR 2.01，95%置信区间0.97至4.15；OR 2.19，95%置信区间1.06至4.55）和咳嗽（OR 1.89，95%置信区间0.61至5.86；OR 3.06，95%置信区间1.02至9.29）的比值比增加，呈现剂量反应模式。（摘要截短于250字）
