Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
Adv Mater. 2012 Jul 24;24(28):3757-78. doi: 10.1002/adma.201200224. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
The nascent field of biomimetic delivery with micro- and nanoparticles (MNP) has advanced considerably in recent years. Drawing inspiration from the ways that cells communicate in the body, several different modes of "delivery" (i.e., temporospatial presentation of biological signals) have been investigated in a number of therapeutic contexts. In particular, this review focuses on (1) controlled release formulations that deliver natural soluble factors with physiologically relevant temporal context, (2) presentation of surface-bound ligands to cells, with spatial organization of ligands ranging from isotropic to dynamically anisotropic, and (3) physical properties of particles, including size, shape and mechanical stiffness, which mimic those of natural cells. Importantly, the context provided by multimodal, or multifactor delivery represents a key element of most biomimetic MNP systems, a concept illustrated by an analogy to human interpersonal communication. Regulatory implications of increasingly sophisticated and "cell-like" biomimetic MNP systems are also discussed.
近年来，仿生递药领域（利用微纳米颗粒（MNP））取得了显著进展。该领域受到细胞在体内通讯方式的启发，在多种治疗环境下，对几种不同的“递药”模式（即生物信号的时空呈现）进行了研究。具体而言，本综述重点关注（1）具有生理相关时空背景的天然可溶性因子的控释制剂，（2）表面结合配体向细胞的呈现，配体的空间组织从各向同性到动态各向异性，以及（3）颗粒的物理性质，包括大小、形状和机械硬度，这些性质模拟天然细胞。重要的是，多模态或多因子递药提供的背景是大多数仿生 MNP 系统的关键要素，这一概念可以通过与人类人际交流的类比来说明。还讨论了日益复杂和“类细胞”仿生 MNP 系统的监管影响。
