Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
Biomater Sci. 2020 Jan 21;8(2):552-568. doi: 10.1039/c9bm01392j.
Nanoparticle capture and elimination by the immune system are great obstacles for drug delivery. Camouflaging nanoparticles with cell membrane represents a promising strategy to communicate and negotiate with the immune system. As a novel class of nanotherapeutics, such biomimetic nanoparticles inherit specific biological functionalities of the source cells (e.g., erythrocytes, immune cells, cancer cells and platelets) in order to evade immune elimination, prolong circulation time, and even target a disease region by virtue of the homing tendency of the cell membrane protein. In this review, we begin with an overview of different cell membranes that can be utilized to create a biointerface on nanoparticles. Subsequently, we elaborate on the state-of-the-art of cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. In particular, a summary of data on circulation capacity and targeting efficiency by camouflaged nanoparticles is presented. In addition to cancer therapy, inflammation treatment, as an emerging application of biomimetic nanoparticles, is specifically included. The challenges and outlook of this technology are discussed.
纳米颗粒被免疫系统捕获和消除是药物输送的巨大障碍。用细胞膜伪装纳米颗粒是与免疫系统进行沟通和协商的一种很有前途的策略。作为一类新型的纳米治疗药物，此类仿生纳米颗粒继承了源细胞（例如红细胞、免疫细胞、癌细胞和血小板）的特定生物学功能，以逃避免疫清除、延长循环时间，甚至通过细胞膜蛋白的归巢倾向靶向疾病区域。在本文中，我们首先概述了可用于在纳米颗粒上创建生物界面的不同细胞膜。随后，我们详细介绍了用于药物输送的细胞膜仿生纳米颗粒的最新进展。特别是，总结了伪装纳米颗粒的循环能力和靶向效率的数据。除了癌症治疗外，炎症治疗作为仿生纳米颗粒的一个新兴应用也被特别包括在内。讨论了该技术的挑战和前景。
