Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Hum Mov Sci. 2012 Aug;31(4):946-56. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2011.08.011. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
This study aimed to analyze the influence of the playing surface on movement pattern, physical loading, perceived exertion, and fatigue development during small-sided recreational soccer games. Time-motion, heart rate, blood lactate, and perceived exertion were measured for 16 recreational players aged 22 (range: 19-35) yrs. During 5-a-side soccer games on 3 different field surfaces: sand, artificial turf, and asphalt. Jump and sprint tests were performed prior to and after each game. Total distance covered was higher on asphalt and turf than on sand (3.89±0.04 and 3.73±0.12 vs. 2.59±0.21 km; p<.01), and the number of high-intensity runs was higher on asphalt than on turf (55±3 vs. 43±3; p<.05), but not sand (46±6). Mean heart rate (means±SEM, 160±3 vs. 171±1 b.p.m.) and time>90% HR(max) (20.8±5.1% vs. 44.1±5.0%) were lower (p<.05) on asphalt than on turf, with intermediate values for sand. Blood lactate was lower on asphalt than on sand (2.8±0.3 vs. 4.7±0.6 mmolL(-1); p<.05). Perceived exertion was lower on asphalt than on turf and sand (VAS 0-100: 52±3 vs. 72±3 and 72±3; p<.01). After the game, squat and countermovement jump performances were lower (4.9-8.1%, and 1.9-6.4%, respectively; p<.001) for all field surfaces, but no changes were observed in 5- and 30-m sprint performance. Small-sided recreational soccer games elicit high heart rates, multiple intense actions, and decreased jump performance for all the investigated playing surfaces, suggesting that multiple fitness and health benefits can be achieved through soccer on sand, artificial turf and asphalt. Nonetheless, locomotor activities, heart rate, blood lactate levels, and perceived exertion differ between surfaces.
本研究旨在分析不同场地表面对小场足球游戏中运动模式、身体负荷、感知用力和疲劳发展的影响。16 名年龄为 22 岁（19-35 岁）的娱乐球员进行了时间动作、心率、血乳酸和感知用力的测量。在 3 种不同的场地上进行了 5 对 5 的足球比赛：沙、人造草皮和沥青。在每场比赛前后都进行了跳跃和冲刺测试。在沥青和草皮上的总跑动距离高于沙地上（3.89±0.04 和 3.73±0.12 比 2.59±0.21 公里；p<.01），在沥青上的高强度跑动次数高于草皮（55±3 比 43±3；p<.05），但沙地上没有（46±6）。平均心率（平均值±SEM，160±3 比 171±1 b.p.m.）和时间>90% HR(max)（20.8±5.1% 比 44.1±5.0%）较低（p<.05）在沥青上比在草皮上，而在沙地上则是中等的。在沥青上的血乳酸低于沙地上（2.8±0.3 比 4.7±0.6 mmolL(-1)；p<.05）。在沥青上的感知用力低于草皮和沙地上（VAS 0-100：52±3 比 72±3 和 72±3；p<.01）。在比赛结束后，所有场地上的深蹲和纵跳表现都有所下降（4.9-8.1%和 1.9-6.4%；p<.001），但 5 米和 30 米冲刺表现没有变化。小场足球游戏在所有调查的场地上都会引起高心率、多次高强度动作和跳跃表现下降，这表明在沙、人造草皮和沥青上踢足球可以获得多种健身和健康益处。尽管如此，不同场地上的运动活动、心率、血乳酸水平和感知用力还是存在差异。
