Rampinini Ermanno, Impellizzeri Franco M, Castagna Carlo, Abt Grant, Chamari Karim, Sassi Aldo, Marcora Samuele M
Human Performance Laboratory. S.S. MAPEI, caslanza, Varese, Italy.
J Sports Sci. 2007 Apr;25(6):659-66. doi: 10.1080/02640410600811858.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement on the intensity and reproducibility of small-sided games. Data were collected on 20 amateur soccer players (body mass 73.1 +/- 8.6 kg, stature 1.79 +/- 0.05 m, age 24.5 +/- 4.1 years, VO(2max) 56.3 +/- 4.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Aerobic interval training was performed during three-, four-, five- and six-a-side games on three differently sized pitches, with and without coach encouragement. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on the CR10-scale, and blood lactate concentration were measured. Main effects were found for exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement (P < 0.05), but there were no interactions between any of the variables (P > 0.15). During a six-a-side game on a small pitch without coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 84 +/- 5% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 3.4 +/- 1.0 mmol x l(-1), and the RPE was 4.8. During a three-a-side game on a larger pitch with coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 91 +/- 2% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 6.5 +/- 1.5 mmol x l(-1), and the RPE was 7.2. Typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation ranged from 2.0 to 5.4% for percent maximal heart rate, from 10.4 to 43.7% for blood lactate concentration, and from 5.5 to 31.9% for RPE. The results demonstrate that exercise intensity during small-sided soccer games can be manipulated by varying the exercise type, the field dimensions, and whether there is any coach encouragement. By using different combinations of these factors, coaches can modulate exercise intensity within the high-intensity zone and control the aerobic training stimulus.
本研究旨在探讨运动类型、场地尺寸和教练鼓励对小型比赛强度及可重复性的影响。收集了20名业余足球运动员的数据（体重73.1±8.6千克，身高1.79±0.05米，年龄24.5±4.1岁，最大摄氧量56.3±4.8毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）。在三种不同尺寸的球场上，分别进行三人制、四人制、五人制和六人制比赛，比赛过程中有或没有教练鼓励，同时进行有氧间歇训练。测量了心率、基于CR10量表的主观用力感觉等级（RPE）以及血乳酸浓度。发现运动类型、场地尺寸和教练鼓励均有主效应（P<0.05），但各变量之间均无交互作用（P>0.15）。在没有教练鼓励的小型球场上进行六人制比赛时，运动强度为最大心率的84±5%，血乳酸浓度为3.4±1. mmol·升⁻¹，RPE为4.8。在有教练鼓励的较大球场上进行三人制比赛时，运动强度为最大心率的91±2%，血乳酸浓度为6.5±1.5 mmol·升⁻¹，RPE为7.2。以变异系数表示的典型误差，最大心率百分比为2.0%至5. 在有教练鼓励的较大球场上进行三人制比赛时，运动强度为最大心率的91±2%，血乳酸浓度为6.5±1.5 mmol·升⁻¹，RPE为7.2。以变异系数表示的典型误差，最大心率百分比为2.0%至5.4%，血乳酸浓度为10.4%至43.7%，RPE为5.5%至31.9%。结果表明，小型足球比赛中的运动强度可通过改变运动类型、场地尺寸以及是否有教练鼓励来进行调控。通过使用这些因素的不同组合，教练可以在高强度区域内调节运动强度并控制有氧训练刺激。
