College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
J Pediatr Health Care. 2013 Sep-Oct;27(5):351-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2012.02.009. Epub 2012 Apr 24.
The pain and anxiety associated with vaccination is a significant reason why parents are reluctant to have their children vaccinated. Distraction methods and vapocoolant sprays may be use to modify the parent's perceptions of their child's pain and anxiety, thus encouraging parents to return for the child's next vaccination.
A convenience sample of 68 parents with children ranging in age from 2 to 12 years was selected. The parents and the child were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group, a DVD distraction group, or a vapocoolant spray group. After the child was vaccinated, parents evaluated the child's pain and anxiety.
No significant difference in the parents' perception of their child's pain or anxiety was found between the two treatment groups compared with the control group. Some parents expressed the desire to be able to choose the type of distraction method their child received rather than having them randomly assigned to a group.
Although quantitative results were not statistically significant in this pilot study, parents commented that the DVD distraction method seemed helpful before and/or after vaccination, but not during vaccination, and parents appreciated the distraction. Parents, however, would prefer to choose the intervention rather than being randomly assigned to a group. The effectiveness of interventions with regard to parental perceptions of pain or anxiety warrants further study.
接种疫苗带来的疼痛和焦虑是家长不愿为孩子接种疫苗的一个重要原因。分散注意力的方法和 vapocoolant 喷雾可以用来改变家长对孩子疼痛和焦虑的看法，从而鼓励家长带孩子去接种下一次疫苗。
选择了 68 名年龄在 2 至 12 岁之间的儿童的父母作为方便样本。父母和孩子被随机分配到三个组：对照组、DVD 分心组或 vapocoolant 喷雾组。给孩子接种疫苗后，父母评估孩子的疼痛和焦虑程度。
与对照组相比，两种治疗组的父母对孩子疼痛或焦虑的感知没有显著差异。一些父母表示，他们希望能够选择孩子接受的分散注意力方法的类型，而不是随机分配到一个组。
尽管这项初步研究的定量结果没有统计学意义，但父母们评论说，DVD 分心法在接种疫苗前后似乎有帮助，但在接种疫苗期间没有帮助，而且父母们很欣赏这种分心。然而，父母更愿意选择干预措施，而不是被随机分配到一个组。干预措施对父母对疼痛或焦虑的看法的有效性需要进一步研究。
