Department of Pathology-Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2012 Aug 21;32:161-82. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150709. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are inversely associated with coronary heart disease due to HDL's ability to transport excess cholesterol in arterial macrophages to the liver for excretion [i.e., reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)]. However, recent advances highlight additional atheroprotective roles for HDL beyond bulk cholesterol removal from cells through RCT. By promoting cellular free cholesterol (FC) efflux, HDL and its apolipoproteins (apoA-I and apoE) decrease plasma membrane FC and lipid raft content in immune and hematopoietic stem cells, decreasing inflammatory and cell proliferation signaling pathways. HDL and apoA-I also dampen inflammatory signaling pathways independent of cellular FC efflux. In addition, HDL lipid and protein cargo provide protection against parasitic and bacterial infection, endothelial damage, and oxidant toxicity. Here, current knowledge is reviewed regarding the role of HDL and its apolipoproteins in regulating cellular cholesterol homeostasis, highlighting recent advances on novel functions and mechanisms by which HDLs regulate inflammation and hematopoiesis.
高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平与冠心病呈负相关，这是由于 HDL 能够将动脉巨噬细胞中过量的胆固醇转运到肝脏进行排泄[即胆固醇逆转运（RCT）]。然而，最近的研究进展强调了 HDL 除了通过 RCT 从细胞中去除大量胆固醇之外，还有其他的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。通过促进细胞游离胆固醇（FC）外排，HDL 和其载脂蛋白（apoA-I 和 apoE）降低免疫和造血干细胞的质膜 FC 和脂筏含量，减少炎症和细胞增殖信号通路。HDL 和 apoA-I 还可以独立于细胞 FC 外排抑制炎症信号通路。此外，HDL 的脂质和蛋白质货物提供了对寄生虫和细菌感染、内皮损伤和氧化剂毒性的保护。本文综述了 HDL 及其载脂蛋白在调节细胞胆固醇稳态中的作用，强调了 HDL 调节炎症和造血的新功能和机制的最新进展。
