Richert Rebekah A, Lillard Angeline S
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, P.O. Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4400, USA.
Cogn Dev. 2004 Apr;19(2):223-240. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.01.001. Epub 2004 Feb 25.
Discriminating what is pretense from what is real is a fundamental problem in development. Research has addressed the proficiency with which adults and children discriminate between play fighting and real fighting, and yet none (to our knowledge) has investigated discrimination of other kinds of pretense and real acts. In addition, little is known about what aspects of pretender behavior (as opposed to pretend content) might cue pretense interpretations. In two experiments, 8-20 s clips showing pretense and real snack behaviors were presented to adult and child participants. All participants distinguished between pretense and real behaviors at better than chance level. Furthermore, certain features (specific looking patterns and mistimed behaviors) were most prominent in the videotapes that were most often correctly identified. This provides empirical support for the suggestion that these cues, as opposed to more commonly cited cues, like smiles, might serve as important indicators of pretense for children and adults.
区分假装行为和真实行为是发展过程中的一个基本问题。已有研究探讨了成人和儿童区分打闹游戏和真实打斗的能力，但据我们所知，尚无研究调查对其他类型假装行为和真实行为的区分。此外，对于假装者行为（而非假装内容）的哪些方面可能提示假装行为的解读，人们知之甚少。在两项实验中，向成人和儿童参与者展示了时长为8至20秒的视频片段，这些片段展示了假装吃零食和真实吃零食的行为。所有参与者区分假装行为和真实行为的能力都高于随机水平。此外，某些特征（特定的眼神模式和时机不当的行为）在最常被正确识别的录像带中最为突出。这为以下观点提供了实证支持：与更常被提及的线索（如微笑）不同，这些线索可能是儿童和成人区分假装行为的重要指标。
