Funder D C, Colvin C R
University of Illinois, Department of Psychology, Champaign 61820.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jul;55(1):149-58. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.55.1.149.
We examined the effect of acquaintanceship on interjudge agreement in personality ratings. Approximately 150 undergraduates described their own personalities using the Q-sort. They were also described by two close acquaintances and by two "strangers" who knew them only via a single, spontaneous interaction viewed on videotape. The effect of acquaintanceship was powerful: Judgments by close acquaintances agreed with each other and with subjects' self-judgments much better than did judgments by strangers, even though strangers' judgments agreed with each other and with subjects' self-judgments beyond a chance level. This result implies that agreement among acquaintances' judgments must derive at least partly from experience with and observation of the person who is judged. The same traits that yielded better agreement among acquaintances also yielded better agreement among strangers and tended to be rated higher in subjective visibility, suggesting that people are intuitively knowledgeable about the traits they can judge with more and less agreement.
我们研究了相识程度对人格评定中评判者间一致性的影响。约150名本科生用Q分类法描述了自己的性格。他们还由两名亲密相识者以及两名“陌生人”进行描述，这两名“陌生人”仅通过观看录像带中一次自然互动来了解他们。相识程度的影响很大：亲密相识者的评判彼此之间以及与受试者的自我评判的一致性，远高于陌生人的评判，即便陌生人的评判之间以及与受试者的自我评判的一致性也高于随机水平。这一结果表明，相识者评判之间的一致性至少部分源于对被评判者的体验和观察。在相识者之间产生更好一致性的相同特质，在陌生人之间也产生了更好的一致性，并且在主观可见性方面往往被评为更高，这表明人们凭直觉对那些他们评判一致性较高和较低的特质有所了解。
