School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2012 Apr 30;17(5):4986-5002. doi: 10.3390/molecules17054986.
An earlier anti-hyperglycemic study with serial crude extracts of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) fruit indicated methanol extract (ME) as the most effective. In the present investigation, the methanol extract was further fractionated to obtain chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (NBF) and aqueous (AF) fractions, which were tested for antidiabetic activity. The NBF reduced blood glucose (p < 0.05) 15 min after administration, in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) similar to metformin. Moreover, it lowered blood glucose in diabetic rats by 66.67% (p < 0.05), similar to metformin (51.11%), glibenclamide (66.67%) and insulin (71.43%) after a 12-day treatment, hence considered to be the most active fraction. Further fractionation of NBF yielded sub-fractions I (SFI) and II (SFII), and only SFI lowered blood glucose (p < 0.05), in IPGTT similar to glibenclamide. The ME, NBF, and SFI correspondingly lowered plasma insulin (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently inhibited glucose transport across isolated rat jejunum implying an extra-pancreatic mechanism. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes and tannins, in ME, NBF and SFI, and LC-MS analyses revealed 9.52%, 33.30% and 22.50% mangiferin respectively. PM fruit possesses anti-hyperglycemic effect, exerted probably through extra-pancreatic action. Magniferin, contained therein may be responsible for this reported activity.
一项关于 Phaleria macrocarpa（PM）果实的早期抗高血糖研究表明，甲醇提取物（ME）的效果最为显著。在本研究中，甲醇提取物进一步被分离为氯仿（CF）、乙酸乙酯（EAF）、正丁醇（NBF）和水（AF）馏分，这些馏分被测试其抗糖尿病活性。在腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验（IPGTT）中，NBF 在给药后 15 分钟降低血糖（p < 0.05），效果类似于二甲双胍。此外，在为期 12 天的治疗后，它使糖尿病大鼠的血糖降低了 66.67%（p < 0.05），与二甲双胍（51.11%）、格列本脲（66.67%）和胰岛素（71.43%）相似，因此被认为是最有效的馏分。NBF 的进一步分离得到了亚馏分 I（SFI）和 II（SFII），只有 SFI 降低了血糖（p < 0.05），效果类似于格列本脲。ME、NBF 和 SFI 相应地降低了血浆胰岛素（p < 0.05），并剂量依赖性地抑制了离体大鼠空肠的葡萄糖转运，提示存在胰外作用机制。植物化学筛选表明，ME、NBF 和 SFI 中均含有类黄酮、萜类和单宁，LC-MS 分析分别显示出 9.52%、33.30%和 22.50%的芒果苷。PM 果实具有抗高血糖作用，可能是通过胰外作用发挥作用。其中所含的芒果苷可能是导致这种报道的活性的原因。
