Campbell A J, Spears G F, Borrie M J
Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43(12):1415-20. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90110-b.
In a community based, prospective study to determine risk factors for falls, 465 women and 296 men 70 years and over were followed for 1 year and 507 falls were documented. A greater proportion of women (32.7%) than men (23.0%) experienced at least one fall in which there was no or minimal external contribution. Using unconditional logistic regression models we investigated the effect of physical and sociological variables on the sex difference in fall rate. Controlling for the variables age, use of psychotropic drugs, inability to rise from a chair without using arms, going outdoors less than daily and living alone decreased the relative risk of women falling compared to men from 2.02 (95% CI, 1.40-2.92) to 1.55 (95% CI 1.04-2.31). Some of the increased risk of falling associated with being a women was able to be explained and is potentially correctable. But even after controlling for the physical and social variables which we had assessed, women compared to men still had a significantly increased relative risk of falling.
在一项基于社区的前瞻性研究中，为确定跌倒的风险因素，对465名70岁及以上的女性和296名70岁及以上的男性进行了为期1年的随访，记录到507次跌倒事件。经历过至少一次跌倒且无外部因素或外部因素影响极小的女性比例（32.7%）高于男性（23.0%）。我们使用非条件逻辑回归模型研究了身体和社会学变量对跌倒率性别差异的影响。在控制了年龄、使用精神药物、不借助手臂无法从椅子上起身、少于每天外出及独居这些变量后，与男性相比，女性跌倒的相对风险从2.02（95%置信区间，1.40 - 2.92）降至1.55（95%置信区间1.04 - 2.31）。与女性相关的一些跌倒风险增加是可以解释的，并且可能是可纠正的。但即使在控制了我们所评估的身体和社会变量后，与男性相比，女性跌倒的相对风险仍显著增加。
