Campbell A J, Borrie M J, Spears G F
Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J Gerontol. 1989 Jul;44(4):M112-7. doi: 10.1093/geronj/44.4.m112.
We investigated factors associated with falls in a community-based prospective study of 761 subjects 70 years and older. The group experienced 507 falls during the year of monitoring. On entry to the study a number of variables had been assessed in each subject. Variables associated with an increased risk of falling differed in men and women. In men, decreased levels of physical activity, stroke, arthritis of the knees, impairment of gait, and increased body sway were associated with an increased risk of falls. In women, the total number of drugs, psychotropic drugs and drugs liable to cause postural hypotension, standing systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mmHg, and evidence of muscle weakness were also associated with an increased risk of falling. Most falls in elderly people are associated with multiple risk factors, many of which are potentially remediable. The possible implications of this in diagnosis and prevention are discussed.
我们在一项针对761名70岁及以上受试者的社区前瞻性研究中，调查了与跌倒相关的因素。该组在监测年度内共发生了507次跌倒。在进入研究时，对每个受试者的一些变量进行了评估。与跌倒风险增加相关的变量在男性和女性中有所不同。在男性中，身体活动水平下降、中风、膝关节关节炎、步态障碍和身体摇摆增加与跌倒风险增加相关。在女性中，药物总数、精神药物和易引起体位性低血压的药物、站立收缩压低于110 mmHg以及肌肉无力的证据也与跌倒风险增加相关。老年人的大多数跌倒与多种风险因素有关，其中许多因素可能是可以纠正的。本文讨论了这在诊断和预防方面可能产生的影响。
