Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Denver Health, Denver, CO 80204-4507, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;54(11):1637-41. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis228. Epub 2012 May 1.
Global efforts to control malaria are more complex than those for other infectious diseases, in part because of vector transmission, the complex clinical presentation of Plasmodium infections, >1 Plasmodium species causing infection, geographic distribution of vectors and infection, and drug resistance. The World Health Organization approach to global malaria control focuses on 2 components: vector control and diagnosis and treatment of clinical malaria. Although microscopy performed on peripheral blood smears remains the most widely used diagnostic test and the standard against which other tests are measured, rapid expansion of diagnostic testing worldwide will require use of other diagnostic approaches. This review will focus on the malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) for detecting malaria parasitemia, both in terms of performance characteristics of MRDTs and how they are used under field conditions. The emphasis will be on the performance and use of MRDTs in regions of endemicity, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, where most malaria-related deaths occur.
全球疟疾控制工作比其他传染病更为复杂，部分原因是存在病媒传播、疟原虫感染临床表现复杂、>1 种疟原虫可引起感染、病媒和感染的地理分布以及耐药性等。世界卫生组织（WHO）的全球疟疾控制方法主要集中在两个方面：病媒控制以及疟疾临床诊断和治疗。虽然末梢血涂片镜检仍然是最广泛使用的诊断检测方法，也是衡量其他检测方法的标准，但全球诊断检测的快速扩展将需要使用其他诊断方法。本综述将重点介绍疟疾快速诊断检测（MRDT）在检测疟疾寄生虫血症方面的应用，包括 MRDT 的性能特征以及其在现场条件下的使用情况。重点将放在流行地区（特别是疟疾相关死亡主要发生的撒哈拉以南非洲地区）MRDT 的性能和使用情况上。
