Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14665-678, Tehran, Iran.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Jun 18;25(6):1231-42. doi: 10.1021/tx300083s. Epub 2012 May 17.
Because of their unique properties which are strongly dependent on the physicochemical properties of metal nanomaterials, noble metal nanostructures, particularly silver, have attracted much attention in the fields of electronics, chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine. Regarding biology and medical applications, silver nanoparticles (NPs) are recognized as a promising candidate to fight against resistant pathogens because of their significant antimicrobial activities. However, there are two major ignored issues with these NPs. First, the effect of various types of bacteria on antibacterial efficacy of silver NPs is ignored; second, there is no information on the pattern and compositions of both soft- and hard-corona proteins at the surface of NPs, which can define cellular responses to the NPs. In this article, the bacterial effect on the antibacterial capability of silver NPs with various geometries (i.e., sphere, wire, cube, and triangle) was probed; in this case, three different types of bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were employed. The results showed that the type of bacteria can have quite a significant role in the definition of antibacterial efficacy of NPs, which has significant implications in the high yield design of NPs for antibacterial applications and will require serious consideration in the future. In addition, both soft- and hard-corona proteins were analyzed, and the effects of protein coated NPs on normal cells were evaluated. According to the results, the composition and thickness of protein coronas were strongly dependent on the physicochemical properties of silver NPs. We have found that the composition and thickness of the protein corona can evolve quite significantly as one passes from particle concentrations and shapes appropriate to in vitro cell studies to those present in in vivo studies, which has important implications for in vitro-in vivo extrapolations and will require more consideration in the future.
由于其物理化学性质强烈依赖于金属纳米材料的特性，贵金属纳米结构，特别是银，在电子学、化学、物理学、生物学和医学领域引起了广泛关注。在生物学和医学应用中，由于其显著的抗菌活性，银纳米颗粒（NPs）被认为是对抗耐药病原体的有前途的候选物。然而，这些 NPs 有两个主要被忽视的问题。首先，忽略了各种类型的细菌对银 NPs 抗菌功效的影响；其次，没有关于 NPs 表面软和硬冠蛋白质的图案和组成的信息，这些信息可以定义细胞对 NPs 的反应。在本文中，研究了不同几何形状（即球体、线、立方体和三角形）的银 NPs 的细菌对其抗菌能力的影响；在这种情况下，使用了三种不同类型的细菌，包括大肠杆菌（E. coli）、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。结果表明，细菌的类型可以在很大程度上影响 NPs 的抗菌功效，这对用于抗菌应用的 NPs 的高产设计具有重要意义，在未来需要认真考虑。此外，还分析了软和硬冠蛋白质，并评估了涂覆蛋白质的 NPs 对正常细胞的影响。根据结果，蛋白质冠的组成和厚度强烈依赖于银 NPs 的物理化学性质。我们发现，当从适合体外细胞研究的颗粒浓度和形状过渡到体内研究中存在的浓度和形状时，蛋白质冠的组成和厚度可以发生相当大的变化，这对体外-体内外推具有重要意义，在未来需要更多的考虑。
