Wertheimer Alan
Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Med Philos. 2012 Jun;37(3):226-54. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhs016. Epub 2012 May 2.
Some maintain that voluntariness is a value-neutral concept. On that view, someone acts involuntarily if subject to a controlling influence or has no acceptable alternatives. I argue that a value-neutral conception of voluntariness cannot explain when and why consent is invalid and that we need a moralized account of voluntariness. On that view, most concerns about the voluntariness of consent to participate in research are not well founded.
一些人坚持认为自愿性是一个价值中立的概念。按照那种观点，如果受到控制性影响或没有可接受的选择，那么某人的行为就是非自愿的。我认为，自愿性的价值中立概念无法解释同意何时以及为何无效，我们需要一个关于自愿性的道德化解释。按照那种观点，大多数对参与研究的同意的自愿性的担忧是没有充分根据的。
