Emamian Mohammad Hassan, Zeraati Hojjat, Majdzadeh Reza, Shariati Mohammad, Hashemi Hassan, Fotouhi Akbar
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Int Ophthalmol. 2012 Aug;32(4):329-36. doi: 10.1007/s10792-012-9567-8. Epub 2012 May 3.
Uncorrected refractive error plays a significant role in poor vision and blindness, and its correction is the most cost-effective intervention in eye care. In this study, we report the status of the unmet refractive need and the role of economic inequality in determining the level of this need in Shahroud, Iran. This cross-sectional nested case-control study was performed on 5,190 individuals aged 40-64 years. Cases and controls were individuals with uncorrected visual acuity worse than 0.3 LogMAR in the better eye who showed at least 0.2 LogMAR improvement after correction. Cases were individuals whose presenting vision was worse than 0.3 in the better eye but improved by at least 0.2 LogMAR after correction. Controls were individuals in whom the difference between the presenting and corrected vision was less than 0.2 LogMAR. The prevalence of the unmet need was 5.7 % and it was more prevalent in women (6.5 %) than in men (4.6 %) (p = 0.003). There was a gap of 19.6 % between the two groups of high and low economic status. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method revealed that differences in the education level of the two groups accounted for half of this gap. Spectacle usage is better in Iran than in some other developing countries; however, in this study, about 40 % of those who required spectacles did not have them.
未矫正的屈光不正对视力低下和失明起着重要作用，而矫正屈光不正则是眼科保健中最具成本效益的干预措施。在本研究中，我们报告了伊朗沙赫鲁德地区未满足的屈光需求状况以及经济不平等在决定这一需求水平方面所起的作用。这项横断面嵌套病例对照研究对5190名年龄在40 - 64岁的个体进行。病例组和对照组为较好眼未矫正视力低于0.3 LogMAR且矫正后视力至少提高0.2 LogMAR的个体。病例组为较好眼当前视力低于0.3但矫正后视力至少提高0.2 LogMAR的个体。对照组为当前视力与矫正视力之差小于0.2 LogMAR的个体。未满足需求的患病率为5.7%，女性（6.5%）比男性（4.6%）更普遍（p = 0.003）。高经济地位组和低经济地位组之间存在19.6%的差距。奥瓦卡 - 布林德分解法显示，两组教育水平的差异占这一差距的一半。伊朗的眼镜佩戴情况比其他一些发展中国家要好；然而，在本研究中，约40%需要眼镜的人没有眼镜。
