Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2012 Oct;123(10):1966-79. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.03.008. Epub 2012 May 2.
We studied the neurocognitive mechanisms of musical instrument sound perception in children with Cochlear Implants (CIs) and in children with normal hearing (NH).
ERPs were recorded in a new multi-feature change-detection paradigm. Three magnitudes of change in fundamental frequency, musical instrument, duration, intensity increments and decrements, and presence of a temporal gap were presented amongst repeating 295 Hz piano tones. Independent Component Analysis was utilized to remove artifacts caused by the Cochlear Implants.
The ERPs were similar in the two groups across all perceptual dimensions except for intensity increment deviants. CI children had smaller and earlier P1 responses compared to controls, and their MMN responses showed less accurate neural detection of changes of musical instrument, sound duration, and temporal structure. P3a responses suggested that poor neural detection of musical instruments affected their involuntary attention shift.
The similarities of neurocognitive processing are surprising in the light of the limited auditory input provided by the CI, suggesting that many types of changes are adequately processed by the CI children.
Our results indicate that CI children's auditory cortical functioning may be enhanced, and difficulties in auditory perception and in attention switching towards sound events alleviated, by multisensory musical activities.
我们研究了植入人工耳蜗（CI）的儿童和听力正常（NH）的儿童对乐器声音感知的神经认知机制。
在一个新的多特征变化检测范式中记录了 ERPs。在重复的 295Hz 钢琴音中呈现了基频、乐器、时长、强度增减以及存在时间间隔的 3 个变化幅度。采用独立成分分析去除人工耳蜗引起的伪影。
除了强度增量变体外，两组在所有感知维度上的 ERP 都相似。与对照组相比，CI 儿童的 P1 反应较小且较早，他们的 MMN 反应对乐器、声音时长和时间结构变化的神经检测准确性较低。P3a 反应表明，对乐器的神经检测不佳影响了他们对声音事件的无意识注意力转移。
鉴于 CI 提供的有限听觉输入，神经认知处理的相似性令人惊讶，这表明许多类型的变化都被 CI 儿童充分处理。
我们的结果表明，多感官音乐活动可能增强了 CI 儿童的听觉皮层功能，并减轻了他们在听觉感知和声音事件注意力转换方面的困难。
