Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Jun 15;427-428:146-58. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 May 3.
Atmospheric particles were studied before, during, and after the period of the Olympic Summer Games in Beijing, China, in August 2008 in order to investigate the efficiency of the mitigation measures implemented by the Chinese Government. Total suspended particles (TSP) and fine particles (PM(2.5) and PM(1)) were collected continuously from October 2007 to February 2009 and were analyzed in detail with regard to mass and element concentrations, water-soluble ions, and black carbon (BC). Mass as well as element concentrations during the Olympic air quality control period were lower than the respective concentrations during the time directly before and after the Olympic Games. The results showed that the applied aerosol source control measures, such as shutting down industries and reducing traffic, had a huge impact on the reduction of aerosol pollution in Beijing. However, the meteorological conditions, especially rainfall, certainly also contributed to the successful reduction of particulate air pollution. Coarse particles were reduced more efficiently than finer particles, which indicates that long-range transport of atmospheric particles is difficult to control and that presumably the established mitigation area was not large enough. The study further showed that elements from predominantly anthropogenic sources, such as S, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb, as well as BC, were reduced more efficiently during the Olympic Games than elements for which geogenic sources are more significant, such as Al, Fe, Rb or Sr. Furthermore, the mentioned anthropogenic element concentrations were reduced more in the finer PM(2.5) samples whereas geogenic ones were reduced stronger in TSP samples including the coarser fraction. Consequently, it can be assumed that the mitigation measures, as intended, were successful in reducing more toxic and health-relevant particles from anthropogenic sources. Firework displays, especially at the Opening Ceremony, could be identified as a special short-time source for atmospheric particles during the Olympic Games.
在 2008 年 8 月中国北京举办奥运会期间及前后，研究了大气颗粒物，以调查中国政府实施的缓解措施的效率。从 2007 年 10 月到 2009 年 2 月，连续采集了总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和细颗粒物（PM（2.5）和 PM（1）），并详细分析了它们的质量和元素浓度、水溶性离子和黑碳（BC）。在奥运空气质量控制期间，质量和元素浓度均低于奥运会前后的相应浓度。结果表明，所采取的气溶胶源控制措施，如关闭工业和减少交通，对北京气溶胶污染的减少产生了巨大影响。然而，气象条件，特别是降雨，肯定也对减少颗粒物空气污染起到了作用。粗颗粒比细颗粒更有效地减少，这表明大气颗粒物的长距离传输难以控制，而且可能建立的缓解区不够大。研究进一步表明，来自主要人为源的元素，如 S、Cu、As、Cd 和 Pb 以及 BC，在奥运会期间比主要来自地球的元素（如 Al、Fe、Rb 或 Sr）更有效地减少。此外，上述人为元素浓度在更细的 PM（2.5）样品中减少得更多，而地球起源的元素在包括较粗颗粒在内的 TSP 样品中减少得更强。因此，可以假设，缓解措施成功地减少了更多来自人为源的有毒和与健康相关的颗粒。焰火表演，特别是在奥运会开幕式期间，可被认为是奥运会期间大气颗粒物的一种特殊短期源。
