The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012 Dec;55(6):1862-75. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0014). Epub 2012 May 4.
To determine whether phonological processing in adults who stutter (AWS) is disrupted by increased amounts of cognitive load in a concurrent attention-demanding task.
Nine AWS and 9 adults who do not stutter (AWNS) participated. Using a dual-task paradigm, the authors presented word pairs for rhyme judgments and, concurrently, letter strings for memory recall. The rhyme judgment task manipulated rhyming type (rhyming/nonrhyming) and orthographic representation (similar/dissimilar). The memory recall task varied stimulus complexity (no letters, 3 letters, 5 letters). Rhyme judgment accuracy and reaction time (RT) were used to assess phonological processing, and letter recall accuracy was used to measure memory recall.
For rhyme judgments, AWS were as accurate as AWNS, and the increase in the cognitive load did not affect rhyme judgment accuracy of either group. Significant group differences were found in RTs (delays by AWS were 241 ms greater). RTs of AWS were also slower in the most demanding rhyme condition and varied with the complexity of the memory task. Accuracy of letter recall of AWS was comparatively worse in the most demanding 5-letter condition.
Phonological and cognitive processing of AWS is more vulnerable to disruptions caused by increased amounts of cognitive load in concurrent attention-demanding tasks.
确定在同时需要注意力的任务中，认知负荷增加是否会破坏口吃成年人（AWS）的语音处理能力。
9 名口吃成年人和 9 名不口吃成年人（AWNS）参与了研究。研究人员采用双重任务范式，呈现用于押韵判断的单词对，并同时呈现用于记忆回忆的字母串。押韵判断任务操纵了押韵类型（押韵/不押韵）和拼写法表示（相似/不相似）。记忆回忆任务变化了刺激复杂性（无字母、3 个字母、5 个字母）。押韵判断准确性和反应时间（RT）用于评估语音处理能力，字母回忆准确性用于测量记忆回忆。
在押韵判断方面，AWS 的准确性与 AWNS 相当，并且认知负荷的增加并没有影响两组的押韵判断准确性。在 RT 方面发现了显著的组间差异（AWS 的延迟增加了 241 毫秒）。AWS 的 RT 在要求最高的押韵条件下也更慢，并且与记忆任务的复杂性有关。AWS 的字母回忆准确性在要求最高的 5 个字母条件下相对较差。
AWS 的语音和认知处理能力更容易受到同时需要注意力的任务中认知负荷增加引起的干扰。
