在加纳，非洲曼蚊和乌干达曼蚊是班氏丝虫淋巴丝虫病的传播媒介。
Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis are vectors in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in Ghana.
机构信息
Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P,O, Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2012 May 7;5:89. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-89.
BACKGROUND
Recent data from Ghana indicates that after seven rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA) there is still sustained transmission albeit at low levels in certain areas where Anopheles melas, An. gambiae s.s., Mansonia and Culex species are the main biting mosquitoes. Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus are the known vectors in Ghana and a recent report indicated that An. melas could transmit at low level microfilaraemia. However, because An. melas is not found everywhere there was the need to determine whether any of the other culicine species could also be playing a role in the transmission of LF.
METHODS
Indoor mosquitoes collected once a month for three months using pyrethrum spray catches in six communities within the Kommenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (KEEA) District, Central Region of Ghana were morphologically identified, dissected and examined for the presence of W. bancrofti. Additionally, stored mosquito samples collected during previous years in 8 communities from the Gomoa District also in the Central Region were similarly processed. The identities of all W. bancrofti parasites found were confirmed using an established PCR method.
RESULTS
A total of 825 indoor resting mosquitoes comprising of 501 Anopheles species, 239 Mansonia species, 84 Culex species and 1 Aedes species were dissected and examined for the presence of W. bancrofti. Mansonia africana had infection and infectivity rates of 2.5%. and 2.1% respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. had an infection rate of 0.4% and a similar infectivity rate. None of the Culex sp. and Aedes sp were found with infection. From the stored mosquitoes the infection and infectivity rates for M. africana were 7.6% (N=144) and 2.8% respectively whilst the corresponding rates for M. uniformis were 2.9% (N=244) and 0.8%.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of Mansonia species as vectors of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Ghana and in West Africa since that of 1958 in Guinea. The revelation of a hitherto unrecognised vector which is possibly more efficient in transmission than the recognised ones has a profound implication for elimination of lymphatic filariasis programmes in the sub-region.
背景
最近来自加纳的数据表明，在经过七轮年度大规模药物治疗（MDA）后，在某些地区仍然存在持续的传播，尽管传播水平较低，这些地区的主要吸血蚊子为淡色库蚊、冈比亚按蚊、曼蚊和库蚊。冈比亚按蚊和致倦库蚊是加纳已知的传播媒介，最近的一份报告表明淡色库蚊可以在低水平传播微丝蚴血症。然而，由于淡色库蚊并非无处不在，因此需要确定其他库蚊种是否也能在传播淋巴丝虫病方面发挥作用。
方法
在加纳中部地区科门达-埃迪纳-埃瓜福-阿比雷姆（KEEA）区的六个社区，每月使用除虫菊酯喷雾收集一次室内蚊子，连续收集三个月。对采集到的蚊子进行形态学鉴定、解剖和检查，以确定是否存在班氏丝虫。此外，还对来自中部地区戈莫阿区的 8 个社区在之前年份收集的储存蚊子样本进行了类似的处理。利用已建立的 PCR 方法对所有发现的班氏丝虫寄生虫的身份进行了确认。
结果
共解剖检查了 825 只室内栖息的蚊子，其中包括 501 种疟蚊、239 种曼蚊、84 种库蚊和 1 种伊蚊，以确定是否存在班氏丝虫。曼蚊属的感染和感染率分别为 2.5%和 2.1%。冈比亚按蚊的感染率为 0.4%，感染率相似。未发现库蚊和伊蚊感染。从储存的蚊子中，曼蚊属的感染和感染率分别为 7.6%（N=144）和 2.8%，而曼蚊属的感染率为 2.9%（N=244）和 0.8%。
结论
这是自 1958 年在几内亚报道曼蚊为淋巴丝虫病（LF）传播媒介以来，加纳和西非首次报道曼蚊为淋巴丝虫病传播媒介。发现一种以前未被识别的媒介，其传播效率可能高于已识别的媒介，这对该次区域消除淋巴丝虫病规划具有深远影响。
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