Department of Zootechnical Sciences and Food Inspection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples, Federico II Via F. Delpino, 1-80137 Naples, Italy.
J Food Prot. 2012 May;75(5):976-81. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-424.
Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of human nonbacterial gastroenteritis throughout the world. NoVs are classified into five genogroups: GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV. NoVs from GI and GII are the most commonly reported NoVs associated with human infections, and raw or undercooked shellfish have been identified as the main potential infection vehicle. European Commission Regulation 2073/2005 defines only bacteriological parameters for use as safety criteria for shellfish because reference methods for detection of viruses are lacking. From July 2007 to April 2010, 163 shellfish samples were collected in southern Italy from harvesting areas, authorized or nonauthorized retailers, and a restaurant after an outbreak of human gastroenteritis. The shellfish were analyzed for the presence of NoVs from GI and GII using the one-step real-time reverse transcription PCR protocol. A total of 94 shellfish samples (57.7%) were positive for the presence of NoV, and GII was the most frequently identified genogroup.
诺如病毒（NoV）是全世界引起人类非细菌性肠胃炎的主要原因。NoV 可分为五个基因群：GI、GII、GIII、GIV 和 GV。GI 和 GII 中的 NoV 是最常报道的与人类感染相关的 NoV，生的或未煮熟的贝类已被确定为主要的潜在感染载体。欧盟委员会第 2073/2005 号条例仅规定了贝类的细菌学参数，用作贝类的安全标准，因为缺乏用于检测病毒的参考方法。2007 年 7 月至 2010 年 4 月，在意大利南部，从收获区、授权或非授权零售商以及一家餐馆采集了 163 个贝类样本，这些样本是在一次人类肠胃炎暴发后采集的。采用一步实时逆转录 PCR 方案，对贝类样本中 GI 和 GII 型 NoV 的存在情况进行了分析。共有 94 个贝类样本（57.7%）检测到 NoV 呈阳性，其中 GII 是最常被鉴定的基因群。
