Stevenson Edward G J, Greene Leslie E, Maes Kenneth C, Ambelu Argaw, Tesfaye Yihenew Alemu, Rheingans Richard, Hadley Craig
Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Jul;75(2):392-400. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.022. Epub 2012 Apr 20.
Water insecurity is a primary underlying determinant of global health disparities. While public health research on water insecurity has focused mainly on two dimensions, water access and adequacy, an anthropological perspective highlights the cultural or lifestyle dimension of water insecurity, and its implications for access/adequacy and for the phenomenology of water insecurity. Recent work in Bolivia has shown that scores on a water insecurity scale derived from ethnographic observations are associated with emotional distress. We extend this line of research by assessing the utility of a locally developed water insecurity scale, compared with standard measures of water access and adequacy, in predicting women's psychosocial distress in Ethiopia. In 2009-2010 we conducted two phases of research. Phase I was mainly qualitative and designed to identify locally relevant experiences of water insecurity, and Phase II used a quantitative survey to test the association between women's reported water insecurity and the Falk Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-F), a measure of psychosocial distress. In multiple regression models controlling for food insecurity and reported quantity of water used, women's water insecurity scores were significantly associated with psychosocial distress. Including controls for time required to collect water and whether water sources were protected did not further predict psychosocial distress. This approach highlights the social dimension of water insecurity, and may be useful for informing and evaluating interventions to improve water supplies.
水资源不安全是全球健康差距的一个主要潜在决定因素。虽然关于水资源不安全的公共卫生研究主要集中在两个方面，即水的可及性和充足性，但人类学视角强调了水资源不安全的文化或生活方式维度，及其对水的可及性/充足性和水资源不安全现象学的影响。最近在玻利维亚开展的研究表明，根据人种学观察得出的水资源不安全量表得分与情绪困扰有关。我们通过评估一种当地开发的水资源不安全量表在预测埃塞俄比亚女性心理社会困扰方面的效用，来扩展这一研究方向，并将其与水的可及性和充足性的标准测量方法进行比较。在2009年至2010年期间，我们进行了两个阶段的研究。第一阶段主要是定性研究，旨在确定当地与水资源不安全相关的经历，第二阶段则采用定量调查来检验女性报告的水资源不安全与福尔克自我报告问卷（SRQ-F，一种心理社会困扰测量方法）之间的关联。在控制了粮食不安全和报告的用水量的多元回归模型中，女性的水资源不安全得分与心理社会困扰显著相关。纳入取水所需时间和水源是否受到保护的控制因素，并不能进一步预测心理社会困扰。这种方法突出了水资源不安全的社会维度，可能有助于为改善供水的干预措施提供信息和评估。
