Voegeli David
Continence Technology & Skin Health Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton.
Br J Nurs. 2012;21(9):517-8, 520-1. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2012.21.9.517.
The concept of excessive moisture causing damage to the skin is not a new one, and provides a rationale for many fundamental nursing interventions. Although traditionally thought of as a specific problem of continence care, it is a common problem encountered in many different patient groups. As a consequence the umbrella term moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) has been introduced to describe the spectrum of damage that occurs in response to the prolonged exposure of a patient's skin to perspiration, urine, faeces or wound exudate. It is generally accepted that MASD consists of four main separate conditions, each having slightly different aetiologies, all of which will be explored in this paper. Careful assessment can help distinguish between the four and enable appropriate prevention and treatment interventions to be implemented. Whatever causes the excessive moisture, effective interventions should consist of the adoption of a structured skin care regime to cleanse and protect, methods to keep the skin dry, controlling the source of the excessive moisture and treating any secondary infection.
皮肤因水分过多而受损这一概念并不新鲜，它为许多基本的护理干预措施提供了理论依据。尽管传统上认为这是失禁护理的一个特定问题，但它是许多不同患者群体中常见的问题。因此，引入了“与水分相关的皮肤损伤”（MASD）这一统称，以描述患者皮肤因长期接触汗液、尿液、粪便或伤口渗出液而发生的一系列损伤。人们普遍认为，MASD包括四种主要的不同情况，每种情况的病因略有不同，本文将对所有这些情况进行探讨。仔细评估有助于区分这四种情况，并实施适当的预防和治疗干预措施。无论水分过多是由什么引起的，有效的干预措施都应包括采用结构化的皮肤护理方案进行清洁和保护、保持皮肤干燥的方法、控制过多水分的来源以及治疗任何继发性感染。
