Voegeli David
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
Br J Community Nurs. 2013 Jan;18(1):6, 8, 10-2. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2013.18.1.6.
The harmful effects of excessive moisture on the skin are well documented. Although traditionally this has been considered as being a specific problem of continence care, it is a common problem encountered in many different patient groups. As a consequence the umbrella term moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) has been introduced to describe the spectrum of damage that occurs in response to the prolonged exposure of a patient's skin to perspiration, urine, faeces or wound exudate etc. It is generally accepted that MASD consists of four distinct conditions, each having slightly different aetiologies, namely: incontinence-associated dermatitis; intertrigo; peristomal moisture-associated dermatitis; and periwound moisture-associated dermatitis. Careful assessment can help distinguish between the four and enable appropriate prevention and management interventions to be implemented. Whatever causes the excessive moisture, effective interventions should consist of the adoption of a structured skin care regime to cleanse and protect, and methods to keep the skin dry, controlling the source of the excessive moisture and treating any secondary infection.
过多水分对皮肤的有害影响已有充分记载。尽管传统上这一直被视为失禁护理的一个特定问题，但它是许多不同患者群体中常见的问题。因此，引入了“与水分相关的皮肤损伤”（MASD）这一统称，以描述患者皮肤长期暴露于汗液、尿液、粪便或伤口渗出液等所发生的一系列损伤。人们普遍认为，MASD包括四种不同的情况，每种情况的病因略有不同，即：失禁性皮炎；擦烂；造口周围与水分相关的皮炎；以及伤口周围与水分相关的皮炎。仔细评估有助于区分这四种情况，并实施适当的预防和管理干预措施。无论过多水分的原因是什么，有效的干预措施应包括采用结构化的皮肤护理方案进行清洁和保护，以及保持皮肤干燥的方法，控制过多水分的来源并治疗任何继发性感染。
