Protein stains and applications.

Staining of proteins separated on gels provides the basis for determination of the critical properties of these biopolymers, such as their molecular weight and/or charge. Detection of proteins on gels and blots require stains. These stains vary in sensitivity, ease of use, color, stability, versatility, and specificity. This review discusses different stains and applications with details on how to use the advantages and disadvantages of each stain. It also compiles some important points to be considered in imaging and evaluation. Commonly used colorimetric and fluorescent dyes for general protein staining, and posttranslational modification-specific detection methods are also discussed.