Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
Int J Sports Med. 2012 Oct;33(10):807-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311591. Epub 2012 May 16.
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of different wheel sizes, with fixed gear ratios, on maximal effort mobility performance in wheelchair athletes. 13 highly trained wheelchair basketball players, grouped by classification level, performed a battery of 3 field tests in an adjustable wheelchair with 3 different wheel sizes (0.59 m, 0.61 m and 0.65 m). Performance was assessed using the time taken to perform drills, with velocity and acceleration data also collected via a wheelchair velocometer. 20 m sprint time improved in the 0.65 m condition (5.58 ± 0.43 s, P=0.029) compared with 0.59 m (5.72 ± 0.40 s). Acceleration performance over the first 2 (P=0.299) and 3 (P=0.145) pushes was not statistically influenced by wheel size. However, the peak velocities reached were greater in the 0.65 m condition (4.77 ± 0.46 m ∙ s(-1), P=0.078, Effect Size [ES]=0.63) compared with 0.59 m (4.61 ± 0.40 m ∙ s(-1)). Impact velocity, calculated as the change in velocity from the onset of a push to the following impact peak, to define coupling performance, was also significantly improved in 0.65 m wheels (0.14 ± 0.14 m ∙ s(-1), P=0.006) than 0.59 m wheels (0.05 ± 0.10 m ∙ s(-1)). The time taken to complete the linear mobility (P=0.630) and the agility drill (P=0.505) were not affected by wheel size. Finally, no significant interactions existed between wheel size, classification and any performance measure. To conclude, larger 0.65 m wheels improved the maximal sprinting performance of highly trained wheelchair basketball players, without any negative effects on acceleration or manoeuvrability. Improvements in sprinting were attributed to a combination of the reduced drag forces experienced and improvements in coupling thought to be due to the lower angular velocities of the wheel/hand-rim when developing high wheelchair velocities in larger wheels.
本研究的目的是探讨在保持固定传动比的情况下，不同大小的车轮对轮椅运动员最大努力移动性能的影响。13 名经过高度训练的轮椅篮球运动员根据分类水平分组，在一辆可调节轮椅上进行了 3 项场测试，该轮椅配备了 3 种不同大小的车轮（0.59 m、0.61 m 和 0.65 m）。使用完成练习的时间评估性能，同时通过轮椅速度计收集速度和加速度数据。在 0.65 m 条件下，20 m 冲刺时间提高（5.58 ± 0.43 s，P=0.029），而在 0.59 m 条件下（5.72 ± 0.40 s）。在最初的 2 次（P=0.299）和 3 次（P=0.145）推动中，车轮尺寸对加速度性能没有统计学上的影响。然而，在 0.65 m 条件下达到的峰值速度更高（4.77 ± 0.46 m ∙ s(-1)，P=0.078，效应大小[ES]=0.63），而在 0.59 m 条件下（4.61 ± 0.40 m ∙ s(-1)）。根据推动开始时的速度变化到下一次冲击峰值来定义耦合性能的冲击速度也显著提高，在 0.65 m 车轮（0.14 ± 0.14 m ∙ s(-1)，P=0.006）中比 0.59 m 车轮（0.05 ± 0.10 m ∙ s(-1)）中显著提高。完成线性移动（P=0.630）和敏捷性练习（P=0.505）的时间不受车轮尺寸的影响。最后，车轮尺寸、分类和任何性能测量之间没有显著的相互作用。总之，较大的 0.65 m 车轮提高了高度训练的轮椅篮球运动员的最大冲刺性能，而对加速度或机动性没有任何负面影响。冲刺速度的提高归因于所经历的阻力减小，以及在较大车轮中提高轮椅速度时由于车轮/手轮的角速度降低而导致的耦合提高。
