Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2012 Jun;42(6):655-62. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.013.
Approximately 22% of U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years) are smokers. Young adults typically display an interest in quitting, but it is unknown whether the evidence-based cessation programs designed for adults will be equally effective for young adults. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of smoking-cessation programs for this population.
In 2009-2011, studies published between 2004 and 2008 that investigated smoking cessation were first found through the DHHS Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence as well as a PubMed search (2009-2010) and were then subjected to a rigorous inclusion process. Authors were contacted to glean raw data for young adults. Fourteen studies provided data that were coded for descriptive information and aggregated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 2.0.
Among young adults, any type of intervention was more effective in producing successful smoking cessation than the control. This was the case for intent-to-treat analyses as well as complete cases. When interventions were effective for the larger adult sample, they were also effective for the younger adult sample.
Although young adults tend to underutilize evidence-based cessation treatments, the current meta-analysis showed that these treatments should be as effective for young adults as they are for the general adult population. Thus, it may be useful to focus on motivating young adults to seek cessation treatment to increase utilization.
约 22%的美国年轻人（18-24 岁）吸烟。年轻人通常表现出戒烟的兴趣，但目前尚不清楚为成年人设计的基于证据的戒烟计划对年轻人是否同样有效。本荟萃分析研究了针对这一人群的戒烟计划的效果。
2009-2011 年，首先通过美国卫生与公众服务部临床实践指南治疗烟草使用和依赖以及 PubMed 搜索（2009-2010 年）找到 2004 年至 2008 年期间发表的研究，然后进行了严格的纳入程序。联系作者以获取年轻人的原始数据。有 14 项研究提供了数据，这些数据用于描述性信息的编码，并使用综合荟萃分析（Comprehensive Meta-Analysis），版本 2.0 进行汇总。
在年轻人中，任何类型的干预措施在产生成功戒烟方面都比对照组更有效。意向治疗分析和完整病例都是如此。当干预措施对较大的成年样本有效时，它们对年轻的成年样本也有效。
尽管年轻人往往较少利用基于证据的戒烟治疗，但当前的荟萃分析表明，这些治疗方法对年轻人和一般成年人群体一样有效。因此，关注激励年轻人寻求戒烟治疗以提高利用率可能会有所帮助。
