Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Aug 24;22(9):1560-1568. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz223.
Young adults have high combustible cigarette and e-cigarette use rates, and low utilization of evidence-based smoking cessation strategies compared to older adults. It is unknown whether young adults who try to quit smoking without assistance, with evidence-based strategies, or with e-cigarettes, are equally successful compared to older adults.
This analysis used a population-based sample from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study of young adult (aged 18-24, n = 745) and older adult (aged 25-64, n = 2057) established cigarette smokers at Wave 1 (2013-2014) who reported having made a quit attempt at Wave 2 (2014-2015). Cessation strategies were: behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, product substitution, 2+ strategies, and unassisted. Logistic regression estimated associations between cessation strategy and short-term cessation status at Wave 2 (quit, no quit); multinomial logistic regression predicted long-term cessation patterns at Waves 2 and 3 (sustained quit, temporary quit, delayed quit, no quit).
No cessation strategy (ref: unassisted) significantly predicted short-term cessation. No cessation strategy (ref: unassisted) significantly predicted long-term cessation patterns for young adults. Substitution with e-cigarettes predicted short-term cessation for older daily smokers of ≥5 cigarettes/day (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.67) but did not predict long-term cessation patterns.
Despite differences in cessation strategy use between young and older adult smokers, strategy effectiveness largely did not differ by age group. No strategy examined, including e-cigarettes, was significantly associated with successful cessation for young adults. More work is needed to identify effective interventions that help young adult smokers quit.
(1) Neither behavioral support, pharmacotherapy, nor product substitution was associated with short-term cessation for young or older adults compared to quitting unassisted. (2) Neither behavioral support, pharmacotherapy, nor product substitution was associated with longer-term cessation for young or older adults compared to quitting unassisted. (3) Substitution with e-cigarettes predicted short-term cessation for older daily smokers of ≥5 cigarettes/day but was not associated with longer-term cessation.
与老年人相比，年轻人可燃香烟和电子烟使用率较高，且利用基于证据的戒烟策略的比例较低。目前尚不清楚与老年人相比，未经辅助、使用基于证据的策略或电子烟尝试戒烟的年轻人，其戒烟成功率是否相同。
本分析使用了来自人口评估烟草和健康研究的基于人群的样本，该研究包括年轻成年人（年龄 18-24 岁，n=745）和年龄较大的成年人（年龄 25-64 岁，n=2057），他们在第 1 波（2013-2014 年）被确定为吸烟人群，并在第 2 波（2014-2015 年）报告有戒烟尝试。戒烟策略包括：行为疗法、药物疗法、产品替代、2+策略和不辅助。使用逻辑回归估计了戒烟策略与第 2 波（戒烟、未戒烟）短期戒烟状态之间的关联；使用多项逻辑回归预测了第 2 波和第 3 波的长期戒烟模式（持续戒烟、临时戒烟、延迟戒烟、未戒烟）。
没有戒烟策略（参考：不辅助）显著预测短期戒烟。对于年轻成年人来说，没有戒烟策略（参考：不辅助）显著预测长期戒烟模式。对于每天吸烟≥5 支的老年人群，用电子烟替代产品可预测短期戒烟（调整后的优势比[OR]：1.70；95%置信区间：1.08，2.67），但不预测长期戒烟模式。
尽管年轻和老年吸烟者的戒烟策略使用存在差异，但策略效果在很大程度上并未因年龄组而异。没有一种被研究的策略，包括电子烟，与年轻成年人的成功戒烟显著相关。需要做更多的工作来确定有助于年轻成年吸烟者戒烟的有效干预措施。
（1）与不辅助戒烟相比，行为支持、药物治疗或产品替代都不能预测年轻或老年成年人的短期戒烟效果。（2）与不辅助戒烟相比，行为支持、药物治疗或产品替代都不能预测年轻或老年成年人的长期戒烟效果。（3）对于每天吸烟≥5 支的老年人群，电子烟替代可预测短期戒烟，但与长期戒烟无关。
