National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2012 Aug;22(4):339-46. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2012.04.003. Epub 2012 May 17.
The cell surface receptor Notch contributes to the development of nearly every tissue in most metazoans by controlling the fates and differentiation of cells. Recent results have now established that Notch also regulates the connectivity of the nervous system, and does so at a variety of levels, including specification of neuronal identity, division, survival and migration, as well as axon guidance, morphogenesis of dendritic arbors and weighting of synapse strength. To these ends, Notch engages at least two signal transduction pathways, one that controls nuclear gene expression and another that directly targets the cytoskeleton. Coordinating the many functions of Notch to produce neural structure is thus a pivotal aspect of building and maintaining the nervous system.
细胞表面受体 Notch 通过控制细胞的命运和分化,为大多数后生动物的几乎所有组织的发育做出贡献。最近的研究结果表明,Notch 还调节神经系统的连接性,并且在多种水平上进行调节,包括神经元身份的特化、分裂、存活和迁移,以及轴突导向、树突棘形态发生和突触强度的加权。为此,Notch 至少参与了两条信号转导途径,一条控制核基因表达,另一条直接靶向细胞骨架。因此,协调 Notch 的许多功能以产生神经结构是构建和维持神经系统的关键方面。