WorldFish Center, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K St, NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Sep 30;107:131-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.014. Epub 2012 May 17.
Early efforts to apply the concept of fisheries co-management in Southeast Asia focused primarily on building the effectiveness of local management institutions and advocating the merits of the approach so that it would be applied in new sites, while gradually learning and adapting to a range of obstacles in practice. Today, with co-management widely embraced by the research community and adopted as policy by an increasing number of governments, a second-generation perspective has emerged. This perspective is distinguished by efforts to navigate and influence change in the broader institutional and governance context: (a) a more sophisticated appreciation of politics, power relations, and the role of the state, (b) efforts to manage resource competition beyond the fisheries sector, (c) building institutions for adaptation and learning, and (d) recognizing divergent values and goals influencing fisheries management. This paper traces the evolution of this second-generation perspective, noting how it has built on learning from early practice and how it has been cross-fertilized by theoretical innovations in related fields, notably resilience thinking and political ecology. We illustrate this evolution through analysis of experience in the Philippines, with a relatively long experience of learning and adaptation in fisheries co-management practice, and Vietnam, where fisheries co-management policies have been embraced more recently. Characterizing the second-generation perspective helps identify points of convergence in the research and policy community about what needs attention, providing a basis for more systematic cross-country and cross-regional learning.
早期将渔业共同管理概念应用于东南亚的努力主要集中在增强当地管理机构的效力，并倡导该方法的优点，以便在新的地点应用，同时在实践中逐步学习和适应一系列障碍。如今，共同管理已被研究界广泛接受，并被越来越多的政府采纳为政策，第二代观点已经出现。这种观点的特点是努力在更广泛的制度和治理背景下驾驭和影响变革：(a)更深入地了解政治、权力关系和国家的作用，(b)努力管理渔业部门以外的资源竞争，(c)建立适应和学习的机构，以及(d)认识到影响渔业管理的不同价值观和目标。本文追溯了这第二代观点的演变，指出它如何从早期实践中吸取经验教训，以及如何受到相关领域理论创新的交叉启发，特别是弹性思维和政治生态学。我们通过分析菲律宾的经验来说明这种演变，菲律宾在渔业共同管理实践中有相对较长的学习和适应经验，而越南则最近才接受渔业共同管理政策。描述第二代观点有助于确定研究和政策界在需要关注什么方面的趋同点，为更系统的跨国和跨区域学习提供基础。
