Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR ENTROPIE, IRD-Université La Réunion-CNRS, BPA5, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia; Government Fisheries Department, Port-Vila, Vanuatu.
Ifremer, UMR AMURE, 29280, Plouzané, France.
J Environ Manage. 2019 May 1;237:187-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.112. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
This paper investigates the dynamics of institutional development and co-management performance in small-scale fisheries. The study covers different contexts and spatial and temporal scales, for nine case studies in the South Pacific. In these cases, new co-management institutions were intentionally set up from 2008 to 2016 through fishery policy intervention to address over-exploitation problems of sea cucumber resources. This was carried out in a process of adaptive experimentation, based on a collaborative and problem-solving approach to governance, and a context-based vision of sustainability issues. In order to quantitatively and empirically assess change in governance within and between cases, a multidimensional analytical framework of governance performance is developed. A set of governance performance criteria is defined and the criteria are scored using data from an institutional diagnosis of the cases, throughout the research period. Ten out of eleven criteria were positively impacted by the co-management interventions. Three institutional development trajectories can be identified for the fishery co-management building process, involving a range of gradual and abrupt changes. Consolidation of the institutional changes achieved by the interventions is required to successfully develop the resilience of the fishing systems to multiple stresses. This empirical study provides a methodology for systematically assessing institutional dynamics in fisheries, and in particular the crafting and sustaining of co-management regimes in small-scale fisheries. The approach could potentially be applied to other complex social-ecological systems.
本文探讨了小规模渔业中制度发展和共同管理绩效的动态。本研究涵盖了不同的背景、空间和时间尺度，对南太平洋的九个案例进行了研究。在这些案例中，通过渔业政策干预，从 2008 年至 2016 年，有意设立了新的共同管理机构，以解决海参资源过度开发的问题。这是在基于协作和解决问题的治理方法以及基于可持续性问题的背景的适应性实验过程中进行的。为了定量和经验性地评估案例内部和之间的治理变化，制定了一个治理绩效的多维分析框架。确定了一套治理绩效标准，并使用案例制度诊断的数据，在整个研究期间对标准进行评分。在共同管理干预措施的影响下，有 11 项标准中的 10 项得到了积极的影响。可以为渔业共同管理的建立过程确定三种制度发展轨迹，涉及一系列渐进和突然的变化。需要巩固干预措施所实现的制度变化，以成功发展渔业系统对多种压力的恢复力。这项实证研究提供了一种系统评估渔业制度动态的方法，特别是在小规模渔业中制定和维持共同管理制度的方法。这种方法有可能应用于其他复杂的社会生态系统。
