Unit de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont Universit, Universit dAuvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Sports Med. 2012 Jul 1;42(7):607-13. doi: 10.2165/11632460-000000000-00000.
The imbalance between energy expenditure and energy intake is the main factor accounting for the progression of obesity. For many years, physical activity has been part of weight-loss programmes to increase energy expenditure. It is now recognized that exercise can also affect appetite and energy consumption. In the context of seeking new obesity treatments, it is of major interest to clarify the impact of physical exercise on energy intake. Many reviews on this topic have been published regarding both lean and overweight adults, and this review focuses on the relationships between acute exercise and the short-term regulation of energy intake in lean and overweight or obese youths. The current literature provides very few data regarding the impact of exercise on subsequent energy intake and perceived and measured appetite in children and adolescents, mainly because of methodological difficulties in the assessment of both energy intake and expenditure. It has been long suggested that energy intake was regulated after exercise in order to compensate for the exercise-induced energy expenditure and then preserve energy balance. This overview underlines that the energy expended during exercise is not the main parameter that influences subsequent energy intake in both lean and overweight/obese children and adolescents, and that factors such as the duration or intensity of exercise may have larger impact. The effects of acute exercise on the following nutritional adaptations (energy intake and appetite feelings) remain inconclusive in lean youths, mainly due to the lack of data and the disparity of the methodologies used. Studies in overweight or obese children and adolescents are confronted with the same difficulties, and the few available data suggest that intensive exercise (>70% maximal oxygen consumption) can induce a reduction in daily energy balance, as a result of its anorexigenic effect in obese adolescents. However, further studies are needed to clarify the impact of acute exercise on subsequent nutritional adaptations and appetite-related hormones in children and adolescents, and to investigate the effect of chronic exercise programmes.
能量消耗与摄入之间的不平衡是导致肥胖进展的主要因素。多年来，身体活动一直是减肥计划的一部分，以增加能量消耗。现在人们认识到，运动也会影响食欲和能量消耗。在寻求新的肥胖治疗方法的背景下，阐明身体活动对能量摄入的影响具有重要意义。关于这个主题已经发表了许多评论，既有针对瘦人和超重成年人的，也有针对瘦人和超重或肥胖青少年的。本综述重点关注急性运动与瘦人和超重或肥胖青少年短期能量摄入调节之间的关系。目前关于运动对儿童和青少年随后的能量摄入以及感知和测量的食欲的影响的数据非常少，主要是因为评估能量摄入和支出的方法学困难。长期以来，人们一直认为，运动后能量摄入会受到调节，以补偿运动引起的能量消耗，从而保持能量平衡。这一综述强调，运动过程中消耗的能量并不是影响瘦人和超重/肥胖儿童和青少年随后能量摄入的主要参数，运动的持续时间或强度等因素可能会产生更大的影响。急性运动对以下营养适应（能量摄入和食欲感觉）的影响在瘦青年中仍然不确定，主要是由于缺乏数据和使用方法的差异。超重或肥胖儿童和青少年的研究也面临着同样的困难，少数可用数据表明，剧烈运动（>70%最大耗氧量）可能会由于其对肥胖青少年的厌食作用而导致日常能量平衡减少。然而，需要进一步的研究来阐明急性运动对儿童和青少年随后的营养适应和与食欲相关的激素的影响，并研究慢性运动计划的效果。
