Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Nutrients. 2019 May 11;11(5):1060. doi: 10.3390/nu11051060.
A balanced diet and sufficient physical activity are essential for the healthy growth of children and adolescents and for obesity prevention. Data from the second wave of the population-based German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2; 2014-2017) were used to analyse the association between food intake and physical activity among 6- to 17-year-old children and adolescents ( = 9842). Physical exercise (PE) and recommended daily physical activity (RDPA) were assessed with self-administered questionnaires and food intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association between food group intake (dependent variable) and level of PE or RDPA. High levels of physical activity (PE or RDPA) were associated with higher consumption of juice, water, milk, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables among both boys and girls, and among boys with a higher intake of bread, potatoes/pasta/rice, meat, and cereals. Higher PE levels were also less likely to be associated with a high soft drink intake. High levels of RDPA were associated with high intake of energy-dense foods among boys, which was not observed for PE. This study indicates that school-aged children and adolescents with higher levels of physical activity consume more beneficial foods and beverages compared to those with lower physical activity levels.
均衡的饮食和充足的身体活动对于儿童和青少年的健康成长和肥胖预防至关重要。本研究使用基于人群的德国儿童和青少年健康访谈和体检调查（KiGGS 第二波；2014-2017 年）的第二波数据，分析了 6-17 岁儿童和青少年（n=9842）的饮食摄入与身体活动之间的关系。身体活动（PE）和推荐的日常身体活动（RDPA）通过自我管理问卷进行评估，而食物摄入则通过半定量食物频率问卷进行评估。多变量逻辑回归用于分析食物组摄入量（因变量）与 PE 或 RDPA 水平之间的关系。高身体活动水平（PE 或 RDPA）与男孩和女孩的果汁、水、牛奶、奶制品、水果和蔬菜摄入量较高有关，与男孩的面包、土豆/意大利面/大米、肉和谷物摄入量较高有关。较高的 PE 水平也不太可能与高软饮料摄入量有关。高 RDPA 水平与男孩中能量密集型食物的高摄入量有关，而在 PE 中则没有观察到这种情况。本研究表明，与低身体活动水平的儿童和青少年相比，较高身体活动水平的学龄儿童和青少年消耗更多有益的食物和饮料。
