Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), UE3533, Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
Sports Med. 2014 Jun;44(6):735-41. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0160-3.
The effect of physical activity on energy balance is not restricted to its induced energy expenditure but also affects the control of energy intake and appetite. Although it is now clear that physical exercise affects subsequent energy intake and appetite, the mechanisms involved remain uncertain. Most previous studies have assessed both post-exercise energy intake and appetite but mainly focussed their analyses on food consumption, and it remains unclear whether changes in appetite provide an accurate reflection of changes in energy intake. This brief review aims to analyse conjointly the effective energy intake and appetite sensation responses to acute exercise in children and adolescents to examine whether or not these responses to exercise are coupled. After an overview of the available literature, we conclude that acute exercise has an uncoupling effect on energy intake and appetite sensations in both lean and overweight/obese youth. Although methodological issues between studies can be highlighted, lack of consideration of inter-individual variability in terms of energy intake and appetite could be one of the main explanations for such a conclusion. It now appears necessary to further consider the impact of acute exercise and then chronic physical activity on an individual basis in the regulation of energy balance to prescribe successful weight loss programmes.
身体活动对能量平衡的影响不仅局限于其诱导的能量消耗，还会影响能量摄入和食欲的控制。尽管现在已经清楚身体锻炼会影响随后的能量摄入和食欲，但相关的机制仍不清楚。大多数先前的研究都评估了运动后的能量摄入和食欲，但主要集中在食物消耗上，尚不清楚食欲的变化是否能准确反映能量摄入的变化。本综述旨在综合分析儿童和青少年急性运动对有效能量摄入和食欲感知的反应，以检验这些对运动的反应是否是耦合的。在概述了现有文献之后，我们得出结论，急性运动对瘦和超重/肥胖青少年的能量摄入和食欲感知都有解耦作用。尽管研究之间的方法学问题可以被强调，但在考虑能量摄入和食欲的个体差异方面的不足可能是得出这一结论的主要原因之一。现在看来，有必要进一步考虑急性运动和慢性身体活动对个体能量平衡调节的影响，以制定成功的减肥计划。
