Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Jul 11;60(27):6728-35. doi: 10.1021/jf204230r. Epub 2012 May 31.
Colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in the United States. Lifestyle and dietary patterns influence colon cancer risk both positively and negatively. Among the dietary factors, several plant-derived compounds have been found to afford colon cancer protection. These compounds potentially influence all aspects of colonic cellular regulation and develop complex interrelationships with the colonic microbiome. Increasing understanding of the role of microorganisms in determining the colonic environment has led to awareness of this important interrelationship among dietary factors and the microbial population. Plant-derived polyphenols are active mediators of cellular events, target key carcinogenic pathways, and modulate colonic microbial populations. In turn, the colonic microorganisms metabolize dietary compounds and mediate cellular events. In addition, the role of estrogen receptors in colon cancer and the importance of dietary components that mediate estrogen receptor-β are increasingly being discovered. Hence, dietary bioactive compounds and the intestinal microbiota create a complex milieu that directly affects the carcinogenic events of the colon. These relationships must be carefully characterized in future research to provide dietary recommendations that will reduce colon cancer risk.
在美国，结肠癌是第三大常见的癌症类型。生活方式和饮食模式对结肠癌的风险既有正面影响，也有负面影响。在饮食因素中，已经发现几种植物源性化合物具有预防结肠癌的作用。这些化合物可能影响结肠细胞调节的各个方面，并与结肠微生物组建立复杂的相互关系。对微生物在决定结肠环境中的作用的认识不断加深，使人们意识到饮食因素和微生物种群之间存在这种重要的相互关系。植物源性多酚是细胞事件的活性调节剂，靶向关键致癌途径，并调节结肠微生物种群。反过来，结肠中的微生物会代谢饮食化合物并调节细胞事件。此外，雌激素受体在结肠癌中的作用以及介导雌激素受体-β的饮食成分的重要性也在不断被发现。因此，膳食生物活性化合物和肠道微生物群创造了一个复杂的环境，直接影响结肠的致癌事件。在未来的研究中，必须仔细描述这些关系，以便提供降低结肠癌风险的饮食建议。
