Epidemiology International, Hunt Valley, Maryland, USA.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2012 Dec;154(6 Suppl):S23-30.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.03.018. Epub 2012 May 24.
To review the existing knowledge on vision health disparities in major adult vision health outcomes (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataract, refractive errors) and visual impairment and to identify knowledge gaps as related to the development of enhanced vision health surveillance in the United States.
Literature review.
Analysis of relevant publications in the peer-reviewed literature.
Prevalence data on vision health outcomes is limited to findings from a few key population-based studies. Study populations are not representative of all persons living in the United States. Vision loss and visual impairment are more common with age, and there is racial variation in the specific causes of vision loss (underlying health conditions). Women are at greater risk of vision loss than men (even after adjusting for age). Vision-related disability and disparities in visual outcomes are monitored poorly at present.
Data to assess and monitor trends in vision health disparities in the United States are not collected presently in a systematic fashion. This lack of data limits public health efforts to overcome barriers to eye care use and to improve vision outcomes.
回顾主要成人视力健康结果（年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼、白内障、屈光不正）和视力障碍方面的视力健康差异的现有知识，并确定与美国增强视力健康监测相关的知识空白。
文献回顾。
对同行评议文献中的相关出版物进行分析。
视力健康结果的流行数据仅限于少数几项基于人群的关键研究的结果。研究人群不能代表所有居住在美国的人。视力丧失和视力障碍随年龄增长而更为常见，并且在导致视力丧失的具体原因（潜在健康状况）方面存在种族差异。女性比男性更容易出现视力丧失（即使在调整年龄因素后也是如此）。目前，视力相关残疾和视力结果的差异监测情况不佳。
目前，美国没有以系统的方式收集评估和监测视力健康差异趋势的数据。这种数据的缺乏限制了公共卫生努力，无法克服眼保健利用的障碍，也无法改善视力结果。
