Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany.
Memory. 2012 Jul;20(5):420-8. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2012.671832. Epub 2012 May 28.
Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that retrieval of a subset of previously studied material can cause forgetting of related unpractised material. Prior work on the role of delay between practice and test for RIF reported mixed results. Whereas some studies found RIF to be a relatively transient phenomenon, others found RIF to persist over time. We examined whether the persistence of RIF can depend on whether wakefulness or sleep follows retrieval practice. We employed a variant of the retrieval-practice paradigm with short (20 minutes) and long (12 hours) delay conditions. In all conditions participants studied a perceptually categorised list followed by retrieval practice on some of the items from some of the categories. Participants studied and practised the material in the morning or the evening. RIF was present in the short-delay conditions, and it was present in the long-delay condition if the delay included nocturnal sleep; if the long delay was filled with diurnal wakefulness, RIF was absent. Results show that whether delay eliminates RIF or not can depend on whether sleep or wake follows retrieval practice. Connections of the results to recent findings about the role of delay and sleep for RIF are discussed.
提取诱发遗忘（Retrieval-induced forgetting，RIF）是指这样一种发现，即对先前学习材料的子集进行提取会导致对未练习的相关材料的遗忘。关于练习和测试之间的延迟对 RIF 作用的先前研究结果不一。一些研究发现 RIF 是一种相对短暂的现象，而另一些研究则发现 RIF 会随着时间的推移而持续存在。我们研究了提取练习后是清醒还是睡眠是否会影响 RIF 的持续性。我们采用了一种检索练习范式的变体，其中包括短（20 分钟）和长（12 小时）延迟条件。在所有条件下，参与者学习了一组知觉分类的列表，然后对其中一些类别中的一些项目进行检索练习。参与者在早上或晚上学习和练习材料。在短延迟条件下存在 RIF，如果延迟包括夜间睡眠，在长延迟条件下也存在 RIF；如果长延迟被白天的清醒所填满，则不存在 RIF。结果表明，延迟是否消除 RIF 取决于提取练习后是睡眠还是清醒。讨论了这些结果与最近关于延迟和睡眠对 RIF 作用的发现的联系。
