VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;46(9):851-63. doi: 10.1177/0004867412449876. Epub 2012 May 29.
The aims of this study were to (a) describe patterns of tobacco smoking among Australians living with a psychotic illness and (b) explore the association between smoking and measures of psychopathology, psychiatric history, psychosocial functioning, physical health, substance use and demographic characteristics.
Data were from 1812 participants in the 2010 Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis. Participants were aged 18-64 years and resided in seven mental health catchment sites across five states of Australia. Bivariate statistics were used to compare smokers with non-smokers on the measures of interest, and to compare ICD-10 diagnostic categories on measures of smoking prevalence, nicotine addiction and quitting history. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test whether (a) demographics and psychiatric history were associated with having ever smoked and (b) whether symptoms and psychosocial functioning were independently associated with current smoking, after controlling for demographics, psychiatric history and substance use.
The prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 66.6% (72% of men and 59% of women); lifetime prevalence was 81%. In univariate analyses, individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were most likely to be smoking tobacco (70%) and were more nicotine dependent. Smokers reported worse perceived physical health, lower body mass index and waist circumference, and more lifetime medical conditions. A younger age of illness onset, male gender and low education were associated with having ever smoked. Associations with current smoking included low education, male gender, no formal employment, worse negative symptoms, higher daily caffeine consumption, and alcohol dependence and substance abuse/dependence.
The prevalence of tobacco smoking is high amongst people with a psychotic disorder, and is associated with adverse mental health symptoms as well as high rates of other substance use, poorer subjective physical health, and a higher risk of the many known health consequences of smoking.
本研究旨在：(a)描述患有精神疾病的澳大利亚人的吸烟模式；(b)探讨吸烟与精神病理学、精神病病史、心理社会功能、身体健康、物质使用和人口统计学特征的关系。
数据来自澳大利亚 2010 年高影响力精神病调查的 1812 名参与者。参与者年龄在 18-64 岁之间，居住在澳大利亚五个州的七个精神卫生服务区域。使用双变量统计数据比较吸烟者和不吸烟者在感兴趣的测量指标上的差异，并比较 ICD-10 诊断类别在吸烟流行率、尼古丁成瘾和戒烟史方面的差异。多变量逻辑回归用于测试(a)人口统计学和精神病病史是否与吸烟有关，以及(b)在控制人口统计学、精神病病史和物质使用的情况下，症状和心理社会功能是否与当前吸烟独立相关。
当前吸烟的流行率为 66.6%(男性为 72%，女性为 59%)；终生吸烟率为 81%。在单变量分析中，患有精神分裂症或分裂情感障碍的个体最有可能吸烟(70%)，尼古丁依赖性更高。吸烟者报告身体整体健康状况较差、体重指数和腰围较低，并且有更多的终生疾病。发病年龄较小、男性性别和教育程度较低与吸烟有关。与当前吸烟有关的因素包括教育程度低、男性性别、无正式就业、较差的阴性症状、较高的每日咖啡因摄入量、酒精依赖和物质滥用/依赖。
精神疾病患者的吸烟率很高，与不良的心理健康症状以及其他物质使用率高、主观身体健康状况较差以及吸烟的许多已知健康后果风险较高有关。
