School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON.
Med Teach. 2012;34(10):796-801. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.687120. Epub 2012 May 30.
Health care providers require the ability to use critical thinking skills and work effectively in a team as a part of an overall set of competencies. Therefore, educational programs should use appropriate methods based in educational theory to effectively graduate learners with these abilities. Team-based learning (TBL) is a method that has been introduced in healthcare education to foster critical thinking skills while students work in high functioning teams.
This article will show how TBL follows the principles of constructivist learning theory.
The principles of constructivist learning theory are discussed in relation to the teaching method of team-based learning. The effectiveness of TBL in healthcare education is then reviewed.
TBL is learner centered with the teacher acting as an expert facilitator and also provides students with opportunities to expose inconsistencies between their current understandings and new experiences thus stimulating development of new personal mental frameworks built upon previous knowledge. The learning is active using relevant problems and group interaction. Teamwork skills are strengthened by focused reflection on new experiences during the group sessions and on teamwork success by providing feedback to group members.
Since these aspects are all essential components of constructivist educational theory, TBL is solidly grounded in the theory and is a promising method to strengthen healthcare education.
医疗保健提供者需要具备运用批判性思维技能和团队合作能力的能力，这是其整体能力的一部分。因此，教育计划应使用基于教育理论的适当方法，有效地培养具有这些能力的学习者。团队学习（TBL）是一种已在医疗保健教育中引入的方法，可在学生高效团队合作的同时培养批判性思维技能。
本文将展示 TBL 如何遵循建构主义学习理论的原则。
讨论了建构主义学习理论的原则与团队学习教学方法的关系。然后回顾了 TBL 在医疗保健教育中的有效性。
TBL 以学习者为中心，教师充当专家促进者，还为学生提供了暴露其当前理解与新经验之间不一致的机会，从而激发了在先前知识基础上建立新的个人心理框架的发展。学习是通过使用相关问题和小组互动进行的主动学习。通过在小组会议期间对新经验进行重点反思以及通过向小组成员提供反馈来加强团队合作技能。
由于这些方面都是建构主义教育理论的重要组成部分，因此 TBL 是该理论的坚实基础，是加强医疗保健教育的有前途的方法。
