Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Jul;18 Suppl 4:27-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03868.x.
Most of the bacterial species that form part of the biosphere have never been cultivated. In this situation, a comprehensive study of bacterial communities requires the utilization of non-culture-based methods, which have been named metagenomics. In this paper we review the use of different metagenomic techniques for understanding the effect of antibiotics on microbial communities, to synthesize new antimicrobial compounds and to analyse the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in different ecosystems. These techniques include functional metagenomics, which serves to find new antibiotics or new antibiotic resistance genes, and descriptive metagenomics, which serves to analyse changes in the composition of the microbiota and to track the presence and abundance of already known antibiotic resistance genes in different ecosystems.
大多数构成生物圈的细菌物种从未被培养过。在这种情况下，对细菌群落进行全面研究需要利用非培养方法，这些方法被称为宏基因组学。本文综述了不同宏基因组学技术在了解抗生素对微生物群落的影响、合成新的抗菌化合物以及分析不同生态系统中抗生素耐药基因分布中的应用。这些技术包括功能宏基因组学，用于寻找新的抗生素或新的抗生素耐药基因，以及描述性宏基因组学，用于分析微生物群落组成的变化，并追踪不同生态系统中已知抗生素耐药基因的存在和丰度。
