CEDOC, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;48(2):325-35. doi: 10.1007/s00127-012-0516-7. Epub 2012 May 31.
Further cross-cultural comparisons are needed on caregiving consequences of chronic psychotic disorders. The EPSILON study (European Psychiatric Services: Inputs Linked to Outcome Domains and Needs) involved five European countries, but not Portugal. We aimed to analyse the impact of severe mental illness in a Portuguese sample and to provide support to comparisons with some of the EPSILON results, focusing on the north-European Dutch centre.
We studied 108 caregiver-patient dyads by a consecutive sampling of people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in psychiatric outpatient services. Relatives' assessments included the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire, European version (IEQ), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); the loss, stigma and positive aspects' subscales of the Experience of Caregiving Inventory, and the Social Network and Family Coping Questionnaires. Patients were assessed regarding symptoms, disability and global functioning.
Caregiving rewards and negative consequences co-existed. On the IEQ, 49.1% reported negative consequences and rank order of domain scores was worrying > urging > tension > supervision. More than one-third of caregivers were psychologically distressed according to GHQ screenings. Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire scores were correlated with caregivers' distress, stigma, loss, patient's involvement and other ways of coping, and patients' variables. Some of these failed to be included in a regression model.
Many of these Portuguese caregivers were at risk regarding burden and psychological distress. In comparison with other European samples, caregiving arrangements and assessments were typical of Mediterranean countries, as Italy or Spain. All IEQ scores were significantly higher than those in the Netherlands. On account of small numbers, caution is needed in the interpretation of associations.
需要进一步进行跨文化比较，以了解慢性精神病患者的照护后果。EPSILON 研究（欧洲精神科服务：投入与结果领域和需求相关联）涉及五个欧洲国家，但不包括葡萄牙。我们旨在分析葡萄牙样本中严重精神疾病的影响，并提供支持，以便与 EPSILON 的一些结果进行比较，重点是北欧荷兰中心。
我们通过对精神科门诊服务中精神分裂症谱系障碍患者进行连续抽样，对 108 对照顾者-患者对子进行了研究。亲属评估包括参与评估问卷（IEQ）、欧洲版、12 项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）、照顾体验量表的损失、耻辱感和积极方面的子量表，以及社会网络和家庭应对问卷。对患者进行症状、残疾和总体功能评估。
照顾的回报和负面后果并存。在 IEQ 中，49.1%的人报告了负面后果，并且域分数的等级顺序是令人担忧>催促>紧张>监督。根据 GHQ 筛查，超过三分之一的照顾者存在心理困扰。IEQ 评分与照顾者的困扰、耻辱感、损失、患者的参与和其他应对方式以及患者的变量相关。其中一些无法纳入回归模型。
这些葡萄牙照顾者中有许多人面临着负担和心理困扰的风险。与其他欧洲样本相比，照顾安排和评估与意大利或西班牙等地中海国家典型相似。所有 IEQ 评分均明显高于荷兰的评分。由于样本数量较少，在解释关联时需要谨慎。
