Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité/ECARF, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012 Aug;12(4):281-7. doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0269-0.
The physical urticarias are a heterogeneous subgroup of chronic urticarias in which wheals can be reproducibly induced by different specific physical stimuli such as cold, heat, pressure, vibration, or sunlight. Physical urticarias comprise up to 25 % of chronic urticarias and occur more frequently in young adults. Symptoms, i.e. wheal and flare responses or angioedema, are usually limited to the skin areas exposed to the eliciting stimulus. However, generalised urticaria with variable extracutaneous manifestations can also occur. Some patients may also present with more than one physical urticaria. Skin lesions in physical urticaria result from mast cell activation and mediator release. The mechanisms by which physical stimuli activate skin mast cells are not fully understood. Because of this, trigger avoidance and symptomatic treatment are key therapeutic concepts for physical urticarias. Identification of the inducing physical trigger, including its individual thresholds, is necessary for an effective therapy. Here, we have summarized clinical features, diagnostic workup and therapy options for physical urticarias.
物理性荨麻疹是慢性荨麻疹的一个异质亚组，其中风团可以通过不同的特定物理刺激如冷、热、压力、振动或阳光重现性地诱导。物理性荨麻疹占慢性荨麻疹的比例高达 25%，并且更常见于年轻人。症状，即风团和红斑反应或血管性水肿，通常局限于暴露于诱发刺激的皮肤区域。然而，也可能出现全身性荨麻疹伴可变的皮肤外表现。一些患者也可能出现多种物理性荨麻疹。物理性荨麻疹的皮肤损伤是由肥大细胞激活和介质释放引起的。物理刺激激活皮肤肥大细胞的机制尚未完全了解。因此，避免触发因素和对症治疗是物理性荨麻疹的关键治疗概念。确定诱发的物理触发因素，包括其个体阈值，对于有效的治疗是必要的。在这里，我们总结了物理性荨麻疹的临床特征、诊断方法和治疗选择。
